Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic disorders. Gastrointestinal manifestations of NF-1 are seldom thought of in routine clinical practice and might thus be significantly under-recognised. Their heterogeneous spectrum ranges from localised microscopic proliferative lesions to grossly recognizable mass-forming neurofibromas, neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). The aim of this study is discussing the imaging evaluation and characterisation of the abdomen lesions in patients with NF1.Teaching Points• Neurofibromatosis type (NF-1) is one of the most common single gene disorders.• Every organ system can be involved and intra-abdominal manifestations are underestimated.• The NF1 abdominal manifestations comprehend five categories of tumours.• Neurogenic tumours including with neurofibromas are the most common type.• Early diagnosis of abdominal manifestations of NF-1 based on imaging patterns is necessary for appropriate treatment to avoid serious organic complications related to tumour mass.

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