Purpose: Excessive micromotion at the implant-bone interface may result in fibrous encapsulation instead of osseointegration of dental implants. This study quantified micromotion of implants placed in polyurethane foam and sheep tibia and tried to establish correlations with histologic parameters. Method: Dental implants (n=5) were placed in the tibiae of two sheep and allowed to heal for five and twenty weeks respectively (totalof 10 implants). Identical implants were placed in polyurethane foam with densities of 10 pcf and 20 pcf and a 3 mm thick cortical layer with a density of 40 pcf (n=5 per bone type; total of 10 implants). For determining micromotion at the implant bone interface, specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine and extensometers were used for recording implant displacement during loading. Implant stability, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone to implant contact (BIC) were determined additionally. Statistical analysis was based on Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Spearman rank correlation tests with the level of significance set at p<=0.05. Results: An increase in trabecular bone density and healing time caused a basic trend towards greater implant stability (p<0.05 for polyurethane foam; p>0.05 for sheep) and less implant displacement as a consequence of loading. The histologic parameters BIC and BMD also increased with healing time, however, this effect was only significant for BMD in the cervical (p=0.02) and apical (p=0.05) part. No difference in micromotion was found between implants placed in sheep and those placed in polyurethane foam with trabecular density of 10 pcf. Only few and inconsistent correlations were found between the parameters evaluated. Conclusions: Bone quality seems to affect implant micromotion although the exact determinants remain unclear. Implants placed in cellular polyurethane foam with density 10 pcf combined with a 3 mm layer of solid foam with density 40 pcf showed biomechanical behavior comparable to implants placed in sheep tibia.
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