It is known that there is a significant interplay of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of turmeric as an adjuvant to anti-diabetic therapy. Sixty diabetic subjects on metformin therapy were recruited and randomized into two groups (30 each). Group I received standard metformin treatment while group II was on standard metformin therapy with turmeric (2 g) supplements for 4 weeks. The biochemical parameters were assessed at the time of recruitment for study and after 4 weeks of treatment. Turmeric supplementation in metformin treated type 2 diabetic patient significantly decreased fasting glucose (95 ± 11.4 mg/dl, P \ 0.001) and HbA1c levels (7.4 ± 0.9 %, P \ 0.05). Turmeric administered group showed reduction in lipid peroxidation, MDA (0.51 ± 0.11 lmol/l, P \ 0.05) and enhanced total antioxidant status (511 ± 70 lmol/l, P \ 0.05). Turmeric also exhibited beneficial effects on dyslipidemia LDL cholesterol (113.2 ± 15.3 mg/dl, P \ 0.01), non HDL cholesterol (138.3 ± 12.1 mg/dl, P \ 0.05) and LDL/HDL ratio (3.01 ± 0.61, P \ 0.01) and reduced inflammatory marker, hsCRP (3.4 ± 2.0 mg/dl, P \ 0.05). Turmeric supplementation as an adjuvant to T2DM on metformin treatment had a beneficial effect on blood glucose, oxidative stress and inflammation.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress and redox-sensitive kinases in high fructose- and high-fat-fed rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups with ten animals each. Rats were fed with a standard rodent diet, high fructose diet (60%), and high-fat diet (30%). Curcumin was administered to control, high fructose and high fat diet groups for ten weeks. At the end of the study, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. The antioxidant enzymes GSH (reduced glutathione), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and catalase activities were estimated in the blood. MDA, TAS, and TOS were estimated in the plasma, liver, and kidney. Curcumin treatment decreased body weight and blood glucose levels in the rats fed with fructose and high-fat diet. Antioxidant enzymes and plasma TAS were significantly improved by curcumin treatment in high fructose-fed rats, whereas in high-fat-fed rats, there was an increase only in the GPx activity. Curcumin significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA and TOS in both diet groups. Hepatic MDA and TOS were found to be decreased upon curcumin supplementation in both diet groups, whereas a decrease in the renal MDA levels was observed only in fructose-treated rats, not in fat-fed rats. Curcumin treatment elevated liver TAS in rats fed only with the fructose-rich diet. Curcumin showed a significant decrease in the oxidative stress index (OSI) in plasma, liver, and kidney tissues in both diet groups. ERK phosphorylation was significantly decreased in both diet groups by curcumin treatment. Similarly, curcumin reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK only in the high fructose-fed rats, not in the high-fat-fed rats. No significant changes were found in JNK phosphorylation in both diet groups. Thus, curcumin may be effective in the management of diet-induced oxidative stress and could be explored as a therapeutic adjuvant against complications associated with obesity and diabetes.

Background:The aim of this study was to assess the association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A total of 140 patients with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study and divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels: participants with HbA1c <7.0% (n=75) and those with HbA1c >7.0% (n=65) were defined as having a good glycemic control (group I) and a poor glycaemic control (group II) in T2DM. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, while the values of triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (TG/HDL-C) ratio and TyG index were calculated using formula.Results: Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. TyG index was significantly correlated with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI and TyG-WC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that TyG had a maximum area under the curve of 0.806, with a cut off value of 15.5 for identifying glycemic control in diabetic patients.Conclusion: TyG index is a useful tool for assessing glycemic control in T2DM patients and positively correlated with HbA1c and HOMA-IR. Hence, TyG can be used as a simple and inexpensive alternative to assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

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