Pendahuluan: Demensia merupakan proses hilangnya fungsi kognitif seperti berpikir, mengingat, dan bernalar sehingga penderita demensia terganggu dalam melakukan kehidupan dan aktivitas sehari-hari pada seseorang. WHO menyebutkan bahwa jumlah pasien demensia di dunia terus meningkat. Pada tahun 2015, pasien demensia diprediksi mencapai 47,47 juta pasien dan dapat mencapai 75,63 juta pada 2030. Semakin meningkat usia lansia, faktor komorbiditas yang menyerang lansia juga semakin meningkat. Faktor komorbiditas dapat berupa penyakit kronik seperti stroke, hipertensi, DM, juga penyakit jantung. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui prevalensi komorbiditas pada pasien lansia demensia di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Metode: Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien pada periode Januari hingga Desember 2017 di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil: Faktor komorbiditas yang paling banyak terjadi pada pasien demensia adalah stroke (57,3%), diikuti oleh hipertensi (50,6%), DM (30,3%), penyakit Parkinson (24,7%), dan penyakit Jantung (19,1%). Kesimpulan: Stroke merupakan komorbiditas paling banyak terjadi pada pasien dengan demensia. Hipertensi berada di tempat kedua paling banyak diderita lansia demensia. Pengendalian komorbiditas pada lansia sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan untuk mengendalikan risiko terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif.
Highlight:Sebaceous cyst or epidermoid cyst is a benign capsulated tumour on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk that subepidermal nodule filled with keratin.Proliferating Pilar Tumours (PPT) are rare tumours was found in hair follicle.Sebaceous cyst diagnose on facial hairline tumour turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumour (PPT). Abstract:Sebaceous cyst, also known as an epidermoid cyst, is a subepidermal nodule filled with keratin and it is a benign capsulated tumor. It is often located on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk; but can be found elsewhere such as the scrotum, genitalia, fingers, and buccal mucosa. Proliferating Pilar Tumors (PPT) are rare tumors. It is derived from the external root sheath of the hair follicle. These tumors are like irregular subcutaneous nodules and often appear on the scalp. This case report was about a 59 years old woman who came to the hospital following excision of a frontal lump elsewhere, with a sebaceous cyst as the initial diagnosis. From the histopathologic examination, grossly there was a whitish and greyish lump with a soft outer surface. Microscopically, there were malignancy signs with areas with keratinization. The tumor formed a solid pattern of enlarged cells with moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm. There was also much free keratinous debris noted and numerous foci of calcification identified within the tumor. Mitotic figures with abnormal forms were frequently seen. The final diagnosis after the histopathological examination was Proliferating Pilar Tumour with focal malignancies. In conclusion, facial hairline tumor differentially diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumor (PPT). Following histopathological confirmation, the patient was referred for further management by a specialist team.
Background: Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function in elderly people interferes the ability to function independently. The number of elderly patients increased so fast in worldwide. The prevalence of dementia rapidly increases due to increasing of population. Aging demographic transition is proceeding rapidly especially in China, India, and Latin America, where dementia is rapidly becoming the major public health problem. Demographic data of elderly patients of dementia in Indonesia is still a little. Dementia’s research data in Indonesia were only obtained from Bali and Yogyakarta, while data from Surabaya were not obtained. Our research data is taken from Dr. General Hospital Soetomo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This study is important for dementia epidemiological data and baseline data for further treatment of dementia patients in Surabaya. Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the characteristics profile of elderly patients with dementia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Sampling was done with purposive sampling by observing the medical records of patients in the period of January 2017 to December 2017 based on inclusion and exclusion criterias that have been set. The data was taken from the patient's medical record which had been written and examined by neurologists from the neurology department in the neurobehaviour sub-department of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Results: The majority of dementia patients are men (51,7%); the age group which is most at risk for dementia is between age of 75-79 years; most of the patients are jobless; more than half of patients are high school graduates; and Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the type of dementia that most people suferred Conclusion: This characteristic’s data of dementia can be used for providing information about dementia to make public health care provides a better facillities and treatment for elderly patients to prevent dementia burden.
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