Designing scaffolds made from natural polymers may be highly attractive for tissue engineering strategies. We sought to produce and characterize chitosan-coated collagen membranes and to assess their efficacy in promoting chondrocyte adhesion, growth, and cytokine secretion. Porous collagen membranes were placed in chitosan solutions then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde vapor. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses showed elevated absorption at 1655 cm−1 of the carbon–nitrogen (N=C) bonds formed by the reaction between the (NH2) of the chitosan and the (C=O) of the glutaraldehyde. A significant peak in the amide II region revealed a significant deacetylation of the chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the chitosan-coated membranes exhibited surface variations, with pore size ranging from 20 to 50 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a decreased C–C groups and an increased C–N/C–O groups due to the reaction between the carbon from the collagen and the NH2 from the chitosan. Increased rigidity of these membranes was also observed when comparing the chitosan-coated and uncoated membranes at dried conditions. However, under wet conditions, the chitosan coated collagen membranes showed lower rigidity as compared to dried conditions. Of great interest, the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan-coated collagen membranes promoted chondrocyte adhesion, growth, and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion. Overall results confirm the feasibility of using designed chitosan-coated collagen membranes in future applications, such as cartilage repair.
The purpose of this study was to improve the biocompatibility of glutaraldehyde (GA) cross‐linked chitosan coated collagen scaffold for cartilage tissue regeneration. In order to prevent the potential toxicity of GA, we treated the designed scaffold with either glutamic acid or glycine. Amino acid treated scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Afterward, chondrocyte interaction with the composite scaffold was investigated assessing cell adhesion and proliferation using Hoechst staining and MTT cell proliferation assay, respectively. The SEM analyses of the scaffolds’ surface and cross‐section confirmed the adhesion of amino acids on the surface of the scaffolds. We also observed that scaffolds’ porosity was reduced due to the coverage of the pores by chitosan and amino acids, leading to low porosity. The use of amino acid improved the chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation inside the scaffolds’ pores when cells were cultured onto the chitosan‐coated collagen scaffolds. Overall, our in vitro results suggest the use of amino acid to improve the biocompatibility of natural polymer composite scaffold being crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Such scaffold has improved mechanical properties; biocompatibility thus may be useful for tissue regeneration such as cartilage.
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