The existence of nymph characters in many myths and folktales has brought fascinating yet complex issues on gender relation in patriarchal society. Most of the nymphs are female who has superhuman power. They are usually represented as having charm that allures men.
The Celebration: Analyzing realism in Dogme 95 Manifesto filmBelieving that the film industry is getting worse by utilizing simple plots and only emphasizing on the editing and the cosmetics, European filmmakers and theorists make their own style of realistic film movements as a reaction to Hollywood’s mainstream filmmaking style. One of which is the famed Dogme 95 Manifesto film movement in Denmark propagated by Lars von Trier. Dogme 95 Manifesto is a set of rules that needs to be followed by filmmakers in order to make a Dogme film. It is believed that by following this rule will restrain the filmmakers’ creativity, focusing more on the realism inside the film, and “purifying” the film industry. In this paper, we analyze realism in Dogme 95 through one of its successful milestones: The Celebration by Thomas Vinterburg through its cinematography and Dogme 95 rules within the film. We argue that as opposed to bringing realistic images on the screen, The Celebration brings atmospheric realism by providing a consistent feel of ‘relatability’ and presence inside the story to the spectators.The Celebration: Analisis realisme pada film Dogme 95 ManifestoSetelah mengetahui semakin parahnya industri film sekarang yang hanya menggunakan plot mudah dan lebih fokus kepada proses pengeditan dan kosmetik belaka, pembuat dan ahli film di Eropa telah membuat gaya film realis ciptaan mereka sendiri sebagai sebuah bentuk protes terhadap film-film mainstream ala Hollywood. Salah satunya adalah gerakan film Dogme 95 Manifesto asal Denmark yang digagas oleh Lars von Trier. Dogme 95 Manifesto berisi sebuah peraturan yang harus ditaati oleh pembuat film untuk membuat sebuah film Dogme. Mengikuti aturan-aturan ini akan lebih mengekang kreativitas para pembuat film, membuat film lebih realistis, dan mensucikan industri film. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menganalisis realisme dalam proyek Dogme 95 dari salah satu film mereka yang paling terkenal yaitu The Celebration yang disutradarai oleh Thomas Vinterburg dengan menggunakan analisis intrinsik berdasarkan aturan sinematografi dan aturan Dogme 95 yang ada di dalamnya. Para peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa tanpa perlu mempresentasikan kualitas gambar terbaik, The Celebration telah membawakan suasana realisme dengan memberikan nuansa ‘berada dalam cerita’ kepada para penonton.
Living in a country blessed with rich diversity, Indonesia, is both a blessing and a challenge. For one, diversity can enrich our points of view in seeing various social issues. At the same time, social cohesion is always at risk. We have seen some incidents of violence provoked by acts of intolerance taking place in Indonesia. Consequently, tolerance is one crucial soft skill that needs to be strongly instilled in the younger generation to smoothly navigate life in diversity, even tap diversity to be helpful as a social resource. Many experts have claimed that diversity can be valuable in maintaining social resilience under challenging situations. Moreover, the Indonesian national curriculum for all levels of education mandates that strongly instill tolerance in various subjects. Thus, we deem it to be timely to encourage teachers at primary education institutions to explore creative and critical methods in teaching tolerance. Our community service program engaged teachers at Islamic secondary schools in Malang to explore drama writing creatively. Through the writing process, teachers can explore contextual issues pertaining to tolerance. In addition, the method also grows social sensitivity as they pursue their imagination in developing various characters facing and attempting to solve issues of intolerance, be it religion, ability, gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic background. Apart from the time-consuming nature of the drama writing teaching method, the deepening of understanding and growing sensitivity cultivated through the process are certainly worth the efforts. Thus, we expect that teachers will not hesitate in implementing drama writing as a method in teaching life values, including tolerance.
Popular culture, where cinema is part, is an important site where ideas of acceptable and unacceptable marriage pairing is confirmed and/or contested. In any cinema tradition, including Indonesian, romance films offer a rich site to investigate broader societal ideals around who should or should not marry whom. In this article, we report our study on conjugal pairing patterns in Indonesian blockbuster films produced and released between 2008 and 2018. We investigate how protagonists in the films decide whom they marry; this question then led us to critically examine the extent to which religion and social class shape marriage decisions. The findings show that marriage pairing patterns on Indonesian silver screen during the period are largely assortative; the characters in the selected films tend to marry people adhering to the same religion and belonging to the same social class as themselves. The increasingly visible trend of religious endogamy and the sustained trend of class homogamy are inseparable from the heightened Islamization in the post authoritarian era, the improving economic outlook at the macro and micro levels in the post Asian financial crisis, as well as the promotion of gender equality during the period.
This research investigates metaphors depicting sex used in the lyrics of Robert Sylvester Kelly’s selected songs, which most of the songs are known for their outrageously sexual lyrics. In this case, the aims of this research are: (1) to find out metaphors depicting sex, (2) to convey the meaning of the metaphors used by Robert Sylvester Kelly. Using qualitative research design, this research employed Conceptual Metaphor Theory by George Lakoff and Metaphor Identification Procedures (MIP) by Pragglejaz Group in analyzing the data. The findings reveal that there are six kinds of conceptual metaphors depicting sex found in the data. They are (1) sex is violence, (2) sex is eating, (3) sex is journey/adventure, (4) sex is game, (5) sex is a lesson, and (6) sex is insanity. Based on the analysis, sex is violence is the conceptual metaphor used most frequently by Robert Sylvester Kelly in both albums. Through Lakoff and Johnson theory, the meaning can be easier to understand. It shows that each conceptual metaphor has its own meaning or interpretation of sex. Keywords: metaphor, conceptual metaphor, sex Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang metafora yang menggambarkan seks dalam lirik lagu pilihan Robert Sylvester Kelly, yang sebagian besar lagunya dikenal dengan lirik yang sangat seksual. Dalam hal ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui metafora yang menggambarkan seks, (2) menyampaikan makna metafora yang digunakan oleh Robert Sylvester Kelly. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Metafora Konseptual oleh George Lakoff dan Metaphor Identification Procedures (MIP) oleh Pragglejaz Group dalam menganalisis data. Hasil temuan mengungkapkan bahwa ada enam jenis metafora konseptual yang menggambarkan seks ditemukan dalam data tersebut. Yaitu (1) seks adalah kekerasan, (2) seks adalah makan, (3) seks adalah perjalanan / petualangan, (4) seks adalah permainan, (5) seks adalah pelajaran, dan (6) seks adalah kegilaan. Berdasarkan analisis, seks adalah kekerasan adalah metafora konseptual yang paling sering digunakan oleh Robert Sylvester Kelly di kedua album tersebut. Melalui teori Lakoff dan Johnson, maknanya bisa lebih mudah dipahami. Ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap metafora konseptual memiliki makna atau interpretasi tersendiri tentang seks. Kata kunci: metafora, metafora konseptual, seks
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