Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one third of world population. Many cytokines are produced during tuberculosis, with predominance of Th1 cytokines during the early stage and Th2 cytokines in the later stages of the infection. Most studies on cytokines during TB are from 'in vitro'-stimulated lymphoid cells with few reports on in vivo plasma levels. The high expression of IL-4 has been implicated as a virulence factor. In the present study we examined the level of IL-4 in the serum of active tuberculosis in new cases, during anti-tubercular therapy and MDR cases. This Study was conducted at Department Of Microbiology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A total 76 blood samples of Pulmonary & Extra-Pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested by ELISA (Diaclone France) along with 10 healthy controls. The test was carried out according to the manufacturer instructions. O.D. was taken at 450 nm. There was no stastical difference in age and sex in our study. The level of IL-4 show significant changes in MDR TB cases (P<0.05) but not significant during the anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and new TB cases (P>0.05). An understanding of the development of the cellular immune response may lead to insight into pathogenesis and novel therapies for TB. Further studies are needed to address the role of cytokines in immunity to TB under natural conditions.
The recent research was done to find out the role of ascorbic acid on morphological and physiological parameters of Solanum melongena during salt stress. The experiment was carried out in pots in which the effect of salt and ascorbic acid was measured on a range of morphological and physiological parameters. In this study, ascorbic acid was applied in two ways viz. as a foliar spray on leaves or through roots in the soil at two levels 100 ppm and 200 ppm to the plants grown under control, 60mM and 100mM NaCl. After sixty days of treatments it was determined that fresh and dry biomass was decreased considerably under salinity stress. Overall, it was observed that salt stress significantly down effect the morphological and physiological parameters. Decrease in the vegetative and reproductive parameters was improved with the application of ascorbic acid. The best result was obtained with the 200 ppm ascorbic acid which significantly improved the morphological and physiological parameters of plants in both control and salt stress treatments suggesting that ascorbic acid mitigate the negative effects of salt stress.
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