Leaders play a critical role in the success or failure of their organizations. Leaders can be effective in implementing changes, building their organization's capabilities, and improving its performance, or the opposite, they could be ineffective. In this systematic review, the authors aim to summarize the findings of previous quantitative research, published between the period from 2000 to 2018, to identify the effect of various leadership styles on organizational Knowledge management (KM) capabilities and activities. The authors reviewed 50 articles found in well-known databases included Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Ebsco, Google Scholar, and others, concerning the impact of leadership when implementing KM in business organizations. The review revealed that transformational, transactional, knowledge-oriented leadership, top executives, and strategic leadership have evidence of their constant and positive effect on the KM process. The authors encourage organizations to use a combination of those styles to maximize the effect of leadership on KM. The authors also recommend conducting further studies on the effect of the remaining leadership styles, such as the ethical and servant leadership styles on KM and the other specific KM activities.

Transformational leadership is the leader's ability to communicate and behave in ways that elevate the interests of their followers and stir them to look beyond their self-interest for the benefit of the group. Transformational leaders achieve these results by having four characteristics, i.e., idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. This paper explores the transformational leadership of the UAE founders since 1971, mainly, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum. The UAE leadership is the main success story of the transformation of the seven Arab Emirates from the sporadic emirates into one country from the last 50 years, the most developed and influencing country among Arab and the middle east countries. Also, the country achieved many initiatives at the global level, including becoming a global business hub. The UAE leaders set an efficient Arab leadership model for the Arab lands to rise to the global level. This leadership model is worth purring and evaluating for leadership values, lessons and being global with human concerns.

People have continuously tried to improve their lives in all aspects of life and leaders play a major role in guiding people effectively to achieve their dreams and ambitions effectively or ineffectively in critical times. In this paper, we aim to analyze the strategic leadership of Prophet Muhammad by breaking down his leadership behaviors in different situations to identify his leadership qualities and styles as an outcome of psychological, personal, and cultural system. Also, to provide an evidence for the effectiveness of his leadership and his deservedness of being one of the top leaders in the history by applying the leadership code of Dave Ulrich on him. So, from this discussion, we have recognized the unique result of the Prophet Muhammad leadership that included unique vision, mission, values, and leadership styles. Also, we have concluded that he met the 5 rules of the leadership code model that included his effectiveness to shape the future, get things done, manage others, invest in his followers, and demonstrate personal proficiency.

Background/Aims Nurses were on the front line against the COVID 19 pandemic, fighting to save human lives. Many nurses sacrificed their well-being and social life to win the battle. In consequence, many nurses have been infected with the virus around the Globe. This study aims to determine the immediate and short-term physical, psychological, and social impact of COVID 19 infection on nurses and midwives retrospectively. On the other hand, it aims to find the effect of COVID 19 stigma on the self-esteem of the infected nurses. Methods To achieve this goal, the authors used an exploratory, mixed-method design with a sample of nurses and midwives working in a tertiary hospital in UAE who has been infected with the COVID 19 virus and recovered. The authors have used the qualitative results to explain and interpret the findings of the quantitative findings. The data were collected through distributing the quantitative survey to participants and then it was followed by conducting semi-structured interviews. Results The careful exploration of the experiences of nurses infected with the COVID 19 virus suggested a simple model that manages the patients in hospitals and at homes, including improving self-efficacy and patient coping, providing the basic nursing skills to patients and families, providing continuous psychological support, and providing high standards of health care. Conclusion The new suggested model will maintain a positive status of wellbeing amongst infected patients during the infection time and in 3–6 months after the infection.

Medical tourism is the travelling of people to a different place to receive treatment for a disease, an ailment, or a condition, or to undergo a surgical procedure. It is a form of international trade in services. Medical tourism allows some countries to export their products and services to other countries and improve their balance of payments. It also gives many advantages to the travelers, such as getting high quality of medical treatment that is not available in their home country or to get it at a low cost. As a part of its economic diversification strategy, the UAE has invested heavily in establishing world-class medical facilities, standard, with high treatment standards for citizens as well as for people from outside especially from the middle-east and Africa, who come to UAE on the medical tourist visas, which is a paradox. The study is of outward tourism is set to study in terms of numbers, ailments, procedure and destination lists and efficiency. The study found many interesting trends of medical tourism in the outward of the UAE, some of these trends are positive and are in need to be boosted by health authorities to build a better and profitable healthcare industry in the country. In sum, the study is a study of the dynamics of outward medical tourism with the help of a sample of 232 medical tourists from UAE to other countries. It is found that there is a rising trend of outward medical tourism which can be well taken care by raising the status of medical and treatment facilities in the UAE to the global level.