03%). The most frequent malignant tumours included sebaceous gland carcinoma (47%), basal cell carcinoma (29%) and squamous cell carcinoma (24%).Conclusion:-Epidermal cyst was the most common benign tumour followed by demoid cyst, intradermal naevus and haemangioma and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour, followed by basal and squamous cell carcinoma.
Background: Corneal and conjunctival squamous lesions are uncommon but important because of their potential for causing ocular and even systemic morbidity and mortality. The ocular surface tumors can be congenital or acquired and show a broad spectrum ranging from non-neoplastic benign tumours and others demonstrate premalignant or malignant tumours such as Squamous cell carcinoma, Malignant Melanoma or Kaposi Sarcoma. The types and frequency of conjunctival tumours differ with demographic features such as age and race, systemic immune status, and chronic exposures, along with specific location within the conjunctiva. Objectives of this study was to study ocular surface neoplasm in terms of demographics, histopathological and clinical presentation.Methods: This histopathological, prospective biopsy specimen series comprised of 107 patients of either sex and all age groups presenting with conjunctival lesion either benign or malignant. The study was carried out from December, 2017 to December, 2019 in the Department of Ophthalmology, S. P. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner in collaboration with Pathology Department. All enrolled cases of conjunctival lesion were screened by consecutive sampling after obtaining written consent.Results: 39.25% patients had nevus followed by ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (20.56 %). Various ocular surface neoplasia with respect to mean age, age group, occupation was statistically highly significant (p<0.05) whereas gender was statistically non-significant. On histopathological examination most common benign ocular surface neoplasia was nevus and most common malignant tumor was ocular squamous surface neoplasia (OSSN).Conclusions: A large variety of conjunctival lesions may appear in the eye with variable presentation, most common benign ocular surface neoplasia was nevus and most common malignant tumor was ocular squamous surface neoplasia.
To study the Ocular surface squamous (OSSN) neoplasm in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, histopathology and treatment. Materials and Methods: This is a histopathological hospital based prospective comparative interventional case series carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology, S.P. Medical College and associated group of hospital in collaboration with Pathology Department.. The study was carried out from December, 2017 to December, 2019. The study included 22 consecutive cases of OSSN of either age and sex. In our study three groups were formed based on different modalities for treatment of OSSN-Surgery plus Mitomycin [MMC] (0.04%) 4 cycles, Surgery ,Only MMC (0.04%) 4 cycles.Results: OSSN was found with greater frequency in male patients (male/female ratio: 2.7/1), residents of rural area (rural/urban ratio: 3.4/1), older age group (mean age ± SD: 54.10±13.17) and those engaged in outdoor activity. On Histopathological examination 15 cases 68.18% were reported with squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases (22.73%) with severe dysplasia and two cases (9.09) with carcinoma in-situ. Surgery plus MMC was the most effective mode of treatment in these neoplasia. Conclusion : Surgery plus MMC was the most effective mode of treatment in OSSN. These types of tumours can be treated with only mitomycin-c in cases where surgery was challenging. Young patients presenting with OSSN must be screened for HIV.
IntroductionMucormycosis (black fungus) is a rare opportunistic fungal infection commonly affecting immunocompromised individuals. There has been a surge in the number of these cases during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India. Mucormycosis has been reported to occur within a week or a few weeks post-recovery from COVID-19. The most common clinical manifestation of mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). At our tertiary care center, we initiated a prospective study to identify risk factors, study ocular manifestations, and explore medical and surgical management of orbital mucormycosis patients in the post-COVID-19 era. Material and methodsThis is a detailed description of a prospective observational hospital-based study. The study included 148 patients who presented with ROCM. A detailed history was taken regarding the complaint, duration, and associated risk factors. Systemic, local, and complete ophthalmic examinations were done that included assessment of extraocular movements, visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and fundus examination. All data were recorded separately for each patient in a pre-decided proforma. ResultThe study group consisted of 148 patients. In our study, the highest association was with COVID-19-positive status (68.24%), out of which 57 (56.43%) were on oxygen support. Diabetes mellitus contributed next to COVID-19 with 86 (58.10%) patients with a positive history of diabetes. Seventy-one (47.97%) patients were on steroids, out of which 68 (67.32%) were COVID-19-positive and the rest (23%) were on steroids due to various systemic reasons. Rhinomaxillary involvement was present (51%). Out of 63 patients with orbital involvement, 16 (25.39%) presented bilaterally and 47 showed unilateral orbital involvement more on the right side (42.85%). The predominant location of orbital involvement was the orbital apex. The most common symptom seen in our study was nasal discharge (86.5%), and ophthalmoplegia was the most common sign. ConclusionCorticosteroids should be used with caution to prevent negative impact and potential ROCM. Good glycemic and metabolic control is crucial for treatment. Management of mucormycosis involves surgical debridement, antifungal agents, and retrobulbar amphotericin B injections. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are essential for success. Orbital exenteration may be necessary for advanced stages, while conservative approaches may work for earlier stages. Patient counseling is needed for cosmetic rehabilitation. A multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists is necessary.
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