There has been vigorous debate on how different countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. To secure public safety, South Korea actively used personal information at the risk of personal privacy whereas France encouraged voluntary cooperation at the risk of public safety. In this article, after a brief comparison of contextual differences with France, we focus on South Korea's approaches to epidemiological investigations. To evaluate the issues pertaining to personal privacy and public health, we examine the usage patterns of original data, de-identification data, and encrypted data. Our specific proposal discusses the COVID index, which considers collective infection, outbreak intensity, availability of medical infrastructure, and the death rate. Finally, we summarize the findings and lessons for future research and the policy implications.

We propose schemes for efficiently destroying privacy data in a NAND flash memory. Generally, even if privacy data is erased from NAND flash memories, there is a high probability that the data will remain in an invalid block. This is a management problem arising from characteristics of a program operation and an erase operation of NAND flash memories. When updating pages or performing a garbage collection, there is a problem that valid data remains in at least one unmapped memory block. Is it possible to impose an obligation to delete privacy data from an existing NAND flash memory? This paper is the answer to this question. We propose a partial overwriting scheme, an SLC programming scheme, and a deletion duty pulse application scheme for invalid pages to effectively address privacy data destruction issues caused by the remaining data. Such privacy data destruction schemes basically utilize at least one state in which data can be written to programmed cells based on a multi-level cell program operation. Our privacy data destruction schemes have advantages in terms of block management as compared with conventional erasing schemes, and are significantly economical in terms of time and cost. The proposed privacy data destruction schemes may be easily applied to many storage devices and data centers using a NAND flash memory.INDEX TERMS NAND flash memory, privacy data, destruction, multi-level cell programming, partial overwriting, SLC programming, deletion duty pulse, garbage collection, data center.

We address secure vehicle communication using secrecy capacity. In particular, we research the relationship between secrecy capacity and various types of parameters that determine secrecy capacity in the vehicular wireless network. For example, we examine the relationship between vehicle speed and secrecy capacity, the relationship between the response time and secrecy capacity of an autonomous vehicle, and the relationship between transmission power and secrecy capacity. In particular, the autonomous vehicle has set the system modeling on the assumption that the speed of the vehicle is related to the safety distance. We propose new vehicle communication to maintain a certain level of secrecy capacity according to various parameters. As a result, we can expect safer communication security of autonomous vehicles in 5G communications.

This paper proposes a safe copy-back program operation in a NAND flash memory, which is targeting digital forensics for a variety of reasons. Due to the background management operation of the NAND flash memory, the original data is highly likely to remain without truly being deleted. We have carefully investigated the possibility of data exposure due to a copy-back program operation, among, frequently used management operations as such data exposure increases the possibility of privacy invasion. We propose a safe copy-back program operation that lowers the possibility of privacy invasion. And we additionally introduce various techniques for solving the reliability problem of adjacent cells caused by the proposed copy-back program operation. For example, when deleting the original data in a copy-back program operation, overwriting is performed to minimize program disturbance. Also, after acquiring the victim cell information of the adjacent cell before proceeding with overwriting, program prohibition is determined on each page buffer based on the victim cell information. Our research results are meaningful for forensics and anti-forensics issues to be raised regarding NAND flash memories. We look forward to the development of NAND flash memories that guarantee privacy in subsequent studies.

Over-provisioning technology is typically introduced as a means to improve the performance of storage systems, such as databases. The over-provisioning area is both hidden and difficult for normal users to access. This paper focuses on attack models for such hidden areas. Malicious hackers use advanced over-provisioning techniques that vary capacity according to workload, and as such, our focus is on attack models that use variable over-provisioning technology. According to these attack models, it is possible to scan for invalid blocks containing original data or malware code that is hidden in the over-provisioning area. In this paper, we outline the different forensic processes performed for each memory cell type of the overprovisioning area and disclose security enhancement techniques that increase immunity to these attack models. This leads to a discussion of forensic possibilities and countermeasures for SSDs that can change the over-provisioning area. We also present information-hiding attacks and information-exposing attacks on the invalidation area of the SSD. Our research provides a good foundation upon which the performance and security of SSD-based databases can be further improved.

This paper studies the parameters affecting secrecy capacity in vehicle communication. The vehicle secrecy parameters largely include vehicle driving-related parameters, antenna-related parameters for transmitting and receiving signals, path-related parameters for indirect communication, and noise-related parameters using a fading channel. Although many researches have been conducted on antenna-related parameters and noise-related parameters considered in general wireless communication, relatively little research has been made on parameters caused by the vehicle itself. These vehicle secrecy parameters also imply that secrecy capacity can be varied by the user. In the future, this study will be a very informative topic when trying to perform vehicle communication while maintaining a certain level of security capacity. In the coming autonomous driving era, this research is very necessary and will help to carry out vehicle communications more safely.

NAND flash memory-based IoT device can potentially still leave behind original personal data in an invalid area even if the data has been deleted. In this paper, we raise the forensic issue of original data remaining in unmanaged blocks caused by NAND flash memory and introduce methods for secure deletion of such data in the invalid area. We also propose a verification technique for secure deletion that is performed based on cell count information, which refers to the difference in bits between personal data and data stored in the block. The pass/fail of the verification technique according to the cell count information is determined in consideration of error correction capabilities. With the forensic issue of de-identification being a vital theme in the big data industry, the threat of serious privacy breaches coupled with our proposal to prevent these attacks will prove to be critical technological necessities in the future.

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