No abstract

We introduce some multiple integrals that are expected to have the same singularities as the singularities of the n-particle contributions χ(n) to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We find the Fuchsian linear differential equation satisfied by these multiple integrals for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 and only modulo some primes for n = 5 and 6, thus providing a large set of (possible) new singularities of χ(n). We discuss the singularity structure for these multiple integrals by solving the Landau conditions. We find that the singularities of the associated ODEs identify (up to n = 6) with the leading pinch Landau singularities. The second remarkable obtained feature is that the singularities of the ODEs associated with the multiple integrals reduce to the singularities of the ODEs associated with a finite number of one-dimensional integrals. Among the singularities found, we underline the fact that the quadratic polynomial condition 1 + 3w + 4w2 = 0, that occurs in the linear differential equation of χ(3), actually corresponds to a remarkable property of selected elliptic curves, namely the occurrence of complex multiplication. The interpretation of complex multiplication for elliptic curves as complex fixed points of the selected generators of the renormalization group, namely isogenies of elliptic curves, is sketched. Most of the other singularities occurring in our multiple integrals are not related to complex multiplication situations, suggesting an interpretation in terms of (motivic) mathematical structures beyond the theory of elliptic curves.

Abstract. We calculate very long low-and high-temperature series for the susceptibility χ of the square lattice Ising model as well as very long series for the five-particle contribution χ (5) and six-particle contribution χ (6) . These calculations have been made possible by the use of highly optimized polynomial time modular algorithms and a total of more than 150000 CPU hours on computer clusters. The series for χ (low-and high-temperature regime), χ (5) and χ (6) are now extended to 2000 terms. In addition, for χ (5) , 10000 terms of the series are calculated modulo a single prime, and have been used to find the linear ODE satisfied by χ (5) modulo a prime.A diff-Padé analysis of the 2000 terms series for χ (5) and χ (6) confirms to a very high degree of confidence previous conjectures about the location and strength of the singularities of the n-particle components of the susceptibility, up to a small set of "additional" singularities. The exponents at all the singularities of the Fuchsian linear ODE of χ (5) and the (as yet unknown) ODE of χ (6) are given: they are all rational numbers. We find the presence of singularities at w = 1/2 for the linear ODE of χ (5) , and w 2 = 1/8 for the ODE of χ (6) , which are not singularities of the "physical" χ (5) and χ (6) , that is to say the series-solutions of the ODE's which are analytic at w = 0.Furthermore, analysis of the long series for χ (5) (and χ (6) ) combined with the corresponding long series for the full susceptibility χ yields previously conjectured singularities in some χ (n) , n ≥ 7. The exponents at all these singularities are also seen to be rational numbers.We also present a mechanism of resummation of the logarithmic singularities of the χ (n) leading to the known power-law critical behaviour occurring in the full χ, and perform a power spectrum analysis giving strong arguments in favor of the existence of a natural boundary for the full susceptibility χ.

We recall various multiple integrals with one parameter, related to the isotropic square Ising model, and corresponding, respectively, to the n-particle contributions of the magnetic susceptibility, to the (lattice) form factors, to the two-point correlation functions and to their λ-extensions. The univariate analytic functions defined by these integrals are holonomic and even G-functions: they satisfy Fuchsian linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients and have some arithmetic properties. We recall the explicit forms, found in previous work, of these Fuchsian equations, as well as their russian-doll and direct sum structures. These differential operators are very selected Fuchsian linear differential operators, and their remarkable properties have a deep geometrical origin: they are all globally nilpotent, or, sometimes, even have zero p-curvature. We also display miscellaneous examples of globally nilpotent operators emerging from enumerative combinatorics problems for which no integral representation is yet known. Focusing on the factorised parts of all these operators, we find out that the global nilpotence of the factors (resp. p-curvature nullity) corresponds to a set of selected structures of algebraic geometry: elliptic curves, modular curves, curves of genus five, six, . . . , and even a remarkable weight-1 modular form emerging in the three-particle contribution χ (3) of the magnetic susceptibility of the square Ising model. Noticeably, this associated weight-1 modular form is also seen in the factors of the differential operator for another n-fold integral of the Ising class, ΦH , for the staircase polygons counting, and in Apéry's study of ζ(3). G-functions naturally occur as solutions of globally nilpotent operators. In the case where we do not have G-functions, but Hamburger functions (one irregular singularity at 0 or ∞) that correspond to the confluence of singularities in the scaling limit, the p-curvature is also found to verify new structures associated with simple deformations of the nilpotent property. PACS: 05.50.+q, 05.10.-a, 02.30.Hq, 02.30.Gp, 02.40.Xx AMS Classification scheme numbers: 34M55, 47E05, 81Qxx, 32G34, 34Lxx, 34Mxx, 14KxxGlobally nilpotent operators 2 Key-words: Globally nilpotent operators, p-curvature, G-functions, arithmetic Gevrey series, Form factors of the square Ising model, susceptibility of the Ising model, Fuchsian linear differential equations, moduli space of curves, two-point correlation functions of the lattice Ising model, complete elliptic integrals, scaling limit of the Ising model, apparent singularities, modular forms, Atkin-Lehmer involutions, Fricke involutions, Dedekind eta functions, Weber modular functions, Calabi-Yau manifolds, three-choice polygons, enumerative combinatorics. IntroductionGenerating large series expansions of physical quantities that are quite often defined as n-fold integrals is the bread and butter of lattice statistical mechanics, enumerative combinatorics, and more generally theoretical physics. The n-fold integrals...

Abstract. We consider the Fuchsian linear differential equation obtained (modulo a prime) forχ (5) , the five-particle contribution to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We show that one can understand the factorization of the corresponding linear differential operator from calculations using just a single prime. A particular linear combination ofχ (1) andχ (3) can be removed fromχ (5) and the resulting series is annihilated by a high order globally nilpotent linear ODE. The corresponding (minimal order) linear differential operator, of order 29, splits into factors of small orders. A fifth order linear differential operator occurs as the left-most factor of the "depleted" differential operator and it is shown to be equivalent to the symmetric fourth power of L E , the linear differential operator corresponding to the elliptic integral E. This result generalizes what we have found for the lower order termsχ (3) andχ (4) . We conjecture that a linear differential operator equivalent to a symmetric (n − 1)-th power of L E occurs as a left-most factor in the minimal order linear differential operators for allχ (n) 's.

Abstract. We study the Ising model two-point diagonal correlation function C(N, N ) by presenting an exponential and form factor expansion in an integral representation which differs from the known expansion of Wu, McCoy, Tracy and Barouch. We extend this expansion, weighting, by powers of a variable λ, the j-particle contributions, f N,N is expressed polynomially in terms of the complete elliptic integrals E and K. The scaling limit of these differential operators breaks the direct sum structure but not the "Russian doll" structure. The previous λ-extensions, C(N, N ; λ) are, for singledout values λ = cos(πm/n) (m, n integers), also solutions of linear differential equations. These solutions of Painlevé VI are actually algebraic functions, being associated with modular curves.

Abstract. We show that almost all the linear differential operators factors obtained in the analysis of the n-particle contributionsχ (n) 's of the susceptibility of the Ising model for n ≤ 6, are linear differential operators "associated with elliptic curves". Beyond the simplest differential operators factors which are homomorphic to symmetric powers of the second order operator associated with the complete elliptic integral E, the second and third order differential operators Z 2 , F 2 , F 3 ,L 3 can actually be interpreted as modular forms of the elliptic curve of the Ising model. A last order-four globally nilpotent linear differential operator is not reducible to this elliptic curve, modular forms scheme. This operator is shown to actually correspond to a natural generalization of this elliptic curve, modular forms scheme, with the emergence of a CalabiYau equation, corresponding to a selected 4 F 3 hypergeometric function. This hypergeometric function can also be seen as a Hadamard product of the complete elliptic integral K, with a remarkably simple algebraic pull-back (square root extension), the corresponding Calabi-Yau fourth-order differential operator having a symplectic differential Galois group SP (4, C). The mirror maps and higher order Schwarzian ODEs, associated with this Calabi-Yau ODE, present all the nice physical and mathematical ingredients we had with elliptic curves and modular forms, in particular an exact (isogenies) representation of the generators of the renormalization group, extending the modular group SL(2, Z) to a GL(2, Z) symmetry group.

Abstract. We present a simple, but efficient, way to calculate connection matrices between sets of independent local solutions, defined at two neighboring singular points, of Fuchsian differential equations of quite large orders, such as those found for the third and fourth contribution (χ (3) and χ (4) ) to the magnetic susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We deduce all the critical behavior of the solutions χ (3) and χ (4) , as well as the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients in the corresponding series expansions. We confirm that the newly found quadratic singularities of the Fuchsian ODE associated with χ (3) are not singularities of the particular solution χ (3) itself. We use the previous connection matrices to get the exact expressions of all the monodromy matrices of the Fuchsian differential equation for χ (3) (and χ (4) ) expressed in the same basis of solutions. These monodromy matrices are the generators of the differential Galois group of the Fuchsian differential equations for χ (3) (and χ (4) ), whose analysis is just sketched here. As far as the physics implications of the solutions are concerned, we find challenging qualitative differences when comparing the corrections to scaling for the full susceptibillity χ at high temperature (resp. low temperature) and the first two terms χ (1) and χ (3) (resp. χ (2) and χ (4) ) .