Purpose: assessment of functional indices of external respiration, the level of physical health and the general state of the autonomic nervous system of university students. Material: There were examined 192 students aged 18-21 years. All examined were divided into groups depending on gender, age and future profession. Anthropometric indices and parameters of the circulatory system were studied. Spirometer was used to measure the respiratory system functional indices. An express assessment of physical health level was made. Index of functional changes, the Kerdo vegetation index, the orthostatic index, and the Skibinskaya index were calculated. Stange test, Hench test and Martin-Kushelevsky’s test were conducted. Results: The results are showed that the minute blood volume was higher in all examined young girls, whereas in young boys designers and pharmacists aged 17-18 years and 19-21 years, respectively it was lower than due values. Similar data were obtained after the Ruffier test (dynamic load tolerance). The index of vital lung capacity (VC) was significantly lower than due values in all students. The parameters of maximal pulmonary ventilation indicated good functional ability of the external respiration apparatus in young boys. This index was higher than that of young girls and exceeded due values. The adaptation capacities of the student body (index of functional changes (IFI)) were at a satisfactory level. The indices of physical health level of all students had average values. Conclusions: Studies have revealed the most characteristic shifts of cardiorespiratory system indices, which are most expressed in students. Cardiorespiratory system shifts are caused by the influence of a complex of factors: increased academic load; requirements for the professionalization process continuity; performance of various structured activity types, manipulations, a high degree of responsibility. Increased pulse rate and minute blood volume; prevalence of the hyperkinetic type of blood circulation self-regulation at rest; irrational cardiovascular system response to dosed physical load; positive value of the Kerdo vegetation index; decreased ventilatory lung capacity and reserve capacity of cardiorespiratory system; tension of adaptation mechanisms; average level of physical health were recorded in students.
Purpose:to determine the efficiency of the cyclist in various tactical options. Material:In the experiments participated athletes (n = 6) of high qualification (mean age -19.8 ± 1.3 years, mean weight -71.4 ± 3.5 kg). As a model of the individual pursuit race at 4 km, a five-minute pedaling on the bicycle ergometer was used. Series of loads was set on the modernized mechanical bicycle ergometer "Monark". The five-minute bicycle ergometer test is similar to the individual pursuit race at 4 km: according to the time of the exercise; on the frequency of pedaling (110-120 rpm); on the frequency of heartbeats. Results:Tactical variants in the pursuit race at 4 km are considered. The total work in a free test was on average 106.38 ± 3.57 kJ. The operating energy consumption is on average for 379.0±16.1 kJ. The operating efficiency (economy) of the exercise attained on average for 28.0 ± 0.75%. This corresponds to the effectiveness of aerobic work of moderate power. The ratio of aerobic and anaerobic contributions to the provision of work was 77.3 and 22.7%. The smallest work was done in a test with step-increasing power. The athletes performed the closest work to the given job in the test with a variable (±15%) operating mode. The shortfall in it was on average for 0.46%. The absence of reliable differences in the economics of the work did not allow us to identify a rational variant of power distribution for an exercise lasting 5 minutes. Conclusions:Tactical options in the pursuit race for 4 km depend on the features of the power systems of the rider. When optimizing tactics, it is necessary to select an individually optimal variant of the distribution of forces at a distance.
Purpose:to develop a system for monitoring the level of special preparedness of cyclists (specialized in individual race for 4 km) on the basis of the indicators of the cardiorespiratory system. Material:The study involved bicyclists (n=14, age 18-22 years). Results:The step-increasing load to the full allows to determine the maximum functional opportunities of the body of cyclists. The coefficient of efficiency of the functioning of the cardiovascular system is equal to the ratio of the average distance value of the pulse to the maximum value of the pulse. Using the linear regression equation, it is possible to predict the magnitude of the pulse at a given speed of movement. Conclusions:It is possible to find out the individual characteristics of athletes with the help of an indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. One can compare the activity of the cardiovascular system of athletes of different qualifications, different age groups, gender, level of preparedness. The degree of realization of the functionality of cyclists is calculated by a special formula and serves to monitor the training and competitive process. The results of the studies make it possible to predict the result by evaluating the level of special physical preparation.
The Research Purpose is typological predisposition and psychomotor indices studying directed on the table tennis playing style formation. The Methodology of the Research. 114 male tennis players: 5 Masters of Sports of International Class, 39 Masters of Sports, 38 Candidates for Masters, 32 athletes of the first category have been examined. Typological peculiarities, in particular, strength of nervous system relative to excitation; mobility-inertness of excitation and inhibition, external and internal balance have been studied. The Research Results. An offensive strategy is associated with the following typological features: the nervous system of high and average strength (amid the common to all tennis players’ weakness of the nervous system) as a reflection of their predominance of excitation in the external balance. Defensive strategy players are characterized by a high resistance to monotony, a greater expression of the nervous system weakness, and a predominance of inhibition according to internal balance. Mixed strategy players are distinguished by a relatively higher (than in defenders) strength of the nervous system, balance of excitation and inhibition processes, and greater mobility of excitation and inhibition processes. The offensive strategy players are characterized by higher motion pace and auto pace as compared to those of mixed and especially defensive strategy play. Defensive strategy players` time of simple and complex visual-motor reaction is significantly higher as compared to those who prefer the offensive strategy. Defensive and mixed strategy players have got the deferred reactions tend to dominate during the response to moving object, whereas offensive strategy players – premature responses are observed. In order to adequately perceive the current situation and have more time to decide on the proper response action, they have to move further way from the tennis table than the offensive strategy players. Conclusions: Study has conducted for examination of typological predispositions and psychomotor indices that condition directed formation of table tennis playing style. It is important direction of training.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.