Distribution Network reconfiguration (DNR) and Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) are well known techniques to reduce power loss and maintain stable voltage levels in Distribution network. Minimization of power loss has immense effect on cost, quality and reliability of supply. Following the present trends of power trading methods, this paper explores the necessity of reconfiguration of the network and Optimal Capacitor Placement under wheeling transaction, incorporating market dispatching considerations. Wheeling transactions will add additional loss which is taken into consideration while modelling. Distribution System Operator (DSO) plays responsible role and knows how to reconfigure the network for the optimal operation of the entire system. DSO optimizes the objective function (minimization of power loss) by satisfying constraints of all the participants that includes technical as well as commercial. By its nature, DNR or Feeder Reconfiguration (FR) and OCP are a complex multi constrained optimization problem. The chosen optimization algorithm should improve the effective operation of DSO. Differential Search Algorithm (DSA) is adapted to solve this optimization problem due to its simple structure and proven faster convergence. The proposed methodology was tested on standard IEEE 33-bus distribution system. Simulation results are presented and compared with existing popular methodologies.
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a painful, demands increased health care utilization, and increases healthcare costs for the patients as well as the health care system. The purpose of this study was to analysis the prevalence of diabetic foot complications and risk factors among diabetic patients at tertiary care Hospital, Karimnagar.Methods: Total 60 sample sizes were included in the study. The study was conducted at General Surgery ward, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from July 2017 to June 2018. Demographic, complications and risk factors were recorded, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS statistics version 21.0.Results: The Mean age of the study group is 50.31±14.26 years. The male to female distribution is 47 (78.3%) and 13 (21.7%) respectively. The mean duration of illness in days is 96.68±289.21, while mean HbA1C is 9.44±9.02. The mean fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar is 159.78±70.01 and 157.78±86.28 which shown no significance difference (p = 0.87). Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to the level of significant.Conclusions: There was no significant outcome was found in diabetic foot ulcer. Patient with high risk complications need as early detection, foot care education, moderate physical, exercise, fitted foot wear and diabetic diet should be decrease the risk of diabetic foot ulcers.
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