Relevance. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) belong to the same family — feline, predatory order. The cat was domesticated more than 10 thousand years ago. Lynx is the most promising animal for domestication. It is successfully bred in fur farms and, which is no longer uncommon, is kept by private owners as a pet. At the same time, the anatomy of these animals has not been studied to date. This makes it much more difficult to provide medical care and does not allow us to trace changes in organs with intensive anthropogenic impact on the body during domestication. In this regard, the study of the morphology of the eurasian lynx is very relevant and timely. Material for research (11 eurasian lynx corpses) wasobtained in hunting farms of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. Corpses of a domestic cat (mestizos) were obtained from veterinary clinics of St. Petersburg (15 animals studied).Methods. A complex of modern and traditional methods was used in the study: fine anatomical dissection, angiorentgenography, computed tomography; production of corrosive and enlightened vascular preparations, morphometry and photographing.Results. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) have significant differences in the topography and branching of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta, despite the close relationship in taxonomy. The eurasian lynx is characterized by the presence of a brachiocephalic trunk and a trunk of common carotid arteries. Similar vascular structures are absent in a domestic cat. For them, the presence of the brachiocephalic artery and the independent departure of the right and left common carotid arteries, without the formation of a common trunk, was established. At the same time, we state that some main arterial transport vessels and their branches in these animals have common principles of location. This pattern has been determined for the vertebral, internal and external thoracic arteries, including their branches of the first order.
The heart is the central and regulatory organ of the cardiovascular system, the study of the morphology of its bloodstream in humane and veterinary medicine is an important aspect for further diagnosis, prevention and treatment of heart pathologies. In all studied species, the heart is supplied with blood by the right and left coronary arteries, which, according to the species and breed features of the structure, can differ in the degree of their development. The study of the main branches of the coronary arteries and branches of the first and second order, together with their functional significance in the blood supply of a particular structure of the heart, is a topical area in modern veterinary morphology. The purpose of the study is to study the anatomical and topographic patterns of the left coronary artery of the heart of a Maine Coon cat. The object for the study was the corpses of Maine Coon cats at the age of three to five years. In total, five corpses of animals were studied, of which three cats (male) and two cats (females). The following research methods were used: fine anatomical preparation and making casts of heart vessels using Flexstep latex milk. In the course of the study, it was found that the blood supply to the heart of a Maine Coon cat occurs due to the right and left coronary arteries, the latter of which is dominant, from which it follows that this breed of cats has a left-coronal type of blood supply. In the region of the coronary sulcus, anastomotic branches depart from the branches of the left coronary artery, thanks to which the collateral path of blood supply to the heart of the Maine Coon cat closes. The interventricular septum of the heart is supplied with blood by the interventricular branch extending from the left coronary artery.
Milk productivity is one of the most important economically useful indicators for which selection is carried out. The level of milk productivity depends on heredity, physiological state, conditions of feeding and use of animals. All other things being equal, the level of milk productivity depends on the breed of the animal. To date, many studies have been conducted on vascular vascularization of the mammary gland in ruminants, but few of them concerned the application of anatomical features of the course and branching of vessels in possible surgical and obstetric-gynecological interventions. In connection with the above about the relevance of breast research, we set a goal to study the anatomical and topographic features of the branching of the arteries of the mammary gland in a goat, and use the Anglo –Nubian breed as a model. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The dated material was delivered from the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelskoe podvorye". The age of the studied animals was 1 year and older. The age was determined from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm "Gzhel farmstead", as well as according to the bonus cards and according to the dental formula of the methodology of Professor I.I. Kalugin, a total of 15 individuals were studied. During the study, such methods as: fine anatomical dissection, vascularization, morphometry, photographing were used. According to the results of the study, species and breed anatomical and topographic features of the branching of the arteries of the mammary gland in the goat of the Anglo-Nubian breed were established. The main sources of breast vascularization in the Anglo-Nubian goat breed have been identified. These studies can be used by veterinary specialists in farms and large livestock complexes for breeding goats during surgical and obstetricgynecological manipulations.
On the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, we examined 10 corpses of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed aged one year and older. The cadaverous material for the study was samples of the jejunum of sheep of the Edilbaev breed. In the course of the study, histological and morphological data were obtained and processed, as well as features of the histostructures of the jejunum wall of sheep of the Edilbaev breed in postnatal ontogenesis were revealed. In our study, a complex of traditional histological methods and staining was used: hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome. Violations of the trophism of the jejunum can lead to incomplete development of the organism as a whole, and in rare cases to a fatal outcome, leading to economically unprofitable situations in sheep farms. The lean book of sheep is a segment of the small intestine, in which not only band, wall digestion is carried out, but also the absorption of a large part of nutrients, micromacroelements, vitamins and water, as well as the area where diseases such as inversion and intussusceptions of the intestine are most common. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the walls of the jejunum of sheep of the Edilba breed aged one year and older have a similar structure with a similar type of digestive system in other ruminants. Morphometric data have been established, in particular, the thickness of the intestinal membranes, the thickness and height of the villi, the depth of the crypts in this breed of sheep, which may vary from a certain load of the digestive apparatus.
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