Gene expression is one of the main molecular processes regulating the differentiation, development, and functioning of cells and tissues. In this review we introduce relevant concepts and describe selected techniques used in studies of gene expression/expression profiling (i.e., studies of the transcriptome or transcriptomics). The main foci of this review are the advancements in studies of the transcriptome in the human brain, the transcriptome’s variability across different its structures, and systematic changes through different lifespan stages in general and childhood in particular. In conclusion, we discuss how the accumulating data on the spatial and temporal dynamics of the transcriptome may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the typical and atypical development of the central nervous system (CNS).

The study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of gene expression in the human brain, which have provided data on the structure and age-related variability of the transcriptome in the brain. We present data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three distinct areas of the neocortex from different ages: mature and elderly individuals. We report that most age-related transcriptional changes affect cellular signaling systems, and, as a result, the transmission of nerve impulses. In general, the results demonstrate the high potential of RNA-Seq for the study of distinctive features of gene expression among cortical areas and the changes in expression through normal and atypical development of the central nervous system.

Form a design (or dynamic) model on the basis of studying the physical model of a mechanical system (object); build mathematical models of cargo securing with inclined side surfaces of stop elements (bars) with simultaneous influence of longitudinal and lateral forces; perform a mathematical solution of the problem in the form of specific analytical formulas for calculating inclined stop bars as one of the cargo securing elements on the railway platform; make a specific example of the calculation of the forces acting on the cargo securing elements.

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The paper touches upon ontology contents visualization issues. Several graphic user interface features are suggested to support the painstaking process of ontol-ogy construction and maintenance.