Drought and heat stress are significant factors limiting fruit crop yield in arid conditions. Foliar fertilization is a common practice of supplying fruit crop production with mineral nutrients, especially under limited soil nutrient availability conditions. To evaluate potential effectiveness of the foliar application of macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators on dynamics of physiological parameters of the pear and apple cultivars under abiotic stresses, three–year experiments were carried out under arid conditions at the Russian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture during the 2015–2017 growing seasons. It has been revealed that foliar nutrition reduces the negative influence of heat stress, stabilizes the functional state of plants, thereby enhancing resistance to drought. During the most severe drought periods of vegetation, under the influence of foliar nutrition, there was a significant increase in the total water content (TWC), relative leaf turgidity (RLT) and water retention capacity (WRC); and also index of leaf water deficiency (LWD) was improved as compared to the non-treated control. All foliar treatments involving the macro-, micronutrient and growth regulators significantly enhanced fruit crop yield of pear and apple varieties over the control, yield enhancement was obtained 2.7–22.0 t ha −1 for the Talgar beauty (pear variety), 2.2–19.3 t ha −1 for the Renet Symirenko (apple variety), and 1.6–10.5 t ha −1 for the Starkrimson (apple variety). The most effective treatments for water consumption coefficient (WCC) were plantafol and speedphol. The results suggest that foliar plantafol and speedfol could be used as part of an efficient, sustainable fertilizer program for apple and pear trees for maintaining or improving fruit quality, productivity, and avoiding negative efficacy of abiotic stresses.

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The average yield of bulb onions is still quite low. The purpose of this study was to improve the techniques and methods of cultivating onions using new generation preparations against the background of N180P60K60 in a drip irrigation method. To achieve the objective of this study, field surveys, observations and measurements were carried out using generally accepted methods. The experimental data obtained from the studies were processed using analysis of variance in Excel, which is part of the Microsoft Office installation package. Field experience included both background application of mineral fertilizers, as well as integrated nutrition of plants with Aminofol Plus and Novosil bulb onion growth stimulants and its biological protection with drugs Gaitang, KE, Akzifor, KE and with Monarch, VDG preparations. According to the results of tests carried out in the 3rd soil-climatic zone, they positively influenced the growth processes and yield of the cultivated crop. The use of this scheme gave a significant increase in the number of commercial bulbs and the weight of commercial bulbs relative to the control version, which significantly affected the yield, which was 121.8 tons/ha (commercial yield). Based on the results of the obtained experimental data, the following was identified, the difference in yield is due to the effect of drugs that have a positive effect on the variety and hybrid of onions, which are under study.

ФГБНУ «Прикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наук», с. Соленоё Займище, Черноярский район, Астраханская область, Россия Контактное лицо Марина В. Власенко, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории гидрологии агролесоландшафтов и адаптивного природопользования, Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук»; 400062 Россия, г. Волгоград, пр. Университетский, д. 97. Тел.

On the sandy tracts in the South of European territory of Russia there are 842 species of psammophytes, 25 % (209 species) are obligate forms. Many of them are endemics. Species composition, structure and productivity of plant communities depends on the degree of overgrowing of the Sands (open sands, medium-overgrown sands, overgrown sands). Their abundance varies depending on the exposure and the part of the slope. The existence of species occurs as a result of continuous and close interaction with each other and as a response to irritation of various environmental factors. The development of vegetation in this area is limited by the lack of precipitation, strong desiccation of the upper soil horizons due to high summer temperatures, low snow cover, low temperatures of air and soil in winter, the poverty of the sands with nutrients, their mobility, and occasionally strong salinity. The process of natural overgrowing of sand can last more than 50 years. Unorganized unsystematic use of pastures significantly increases these periods. Active use of pastures with low productivity destroys natural ecosystems and causes desertification. As a result, the area of full forage land is reduced, and environmental and socio-economic tensions are increasing. One of the methods for restoration and improvement of sandy areas is the regulated grazing of farm animals in accordance with the productivity of pastures.

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