In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation area, which necessitates research on sunflower hybrids adaptability in the northern regions of Ukraine, where in recent decades, there has been a significant change of weather conditions and which may be favorable for its cultivation. The research was carried out in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on light loam chernozems. Reaction to growing conditions of four hybrids was studied by establishing the stability and plasticity of hybrids in terms of yield formation due to changes in morphological characteristics of plants. Yield potential realization is high enough, which is provided by sufficient amounts of positive, active, effective temperatures and precipitation. Calculation of the coefficients of plasticity and stability allows identifying stable sunflower hybrids, hybrids with a high level of plasticity, and recommending them to production. The yield of early-maturing hybrid Ukrainskyi F1 increases rectilinearly with plant density increasing (r = 0.977 -0.998), while hybrids P63LL06 (r = 0.651 -0.882); NK Ferti (r = 0.589 -0.846), and NK Brio (r = 0.689 -0.804) form a higher yield at standing densities up to 60 thousand plants per hectare, and with further thickening, the yield decreases. With the thickening of sowings, the height of all hybrids plants increases (r = 0.97 -0.99), and there is a decrease in the number of seeds per anthode, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Sunflower hybrids can be divided into the groups according to the peculiarities of yield formation due to morphological features: 1) yield increases only due to sowings' thickening-Ukrainskyi F1; 2) combined efficiency-increasing sowings' density to 60 thousand plants/ha and generative organs formation-NCKBrio; 3
Since the availability of micronutrients in agricultural soil are strongly depended on changes in soil characteristics, microfertilizers are one of the most effective means of influencing crop productivity and product quality. The use of nanoparticles of metals compensates for the loss of microelements, increases the stress tolerance of plants, both of which improve the quality of the final product. The aim of the research was to study the characteristics of a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag, Fe) using X-ray diffraction to estimate the prospects of using them in agrotechnology. The objectives of the study included optimizing the method for treating plants and determining effective concentrations of metal nanoparticles and their composition, combined with traditional fertilizers (NPK), for enhancing soybean productivity. The objects of the study were varieties of soybean recommended for the forest-steppe ecoregion of Ukraine: ultra-early and early maturing Annushka and Ustya, respectively. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of using of a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles as fertilizer due to its properties (phase composition, size) in agricultural technologies for soybean, which improves the productivity of this crop.
Nanotechnology is seen as one of the key technologies in the twenty-first century, which promises to improve traditional agricultural practices and offer sustainable development by improving management and conservation tactics by reducing agricultural resources costs. The creation and implementation of new environmentally friendly and technological nano preparation designed to increase the efficiency of plant nutrient use from mineral fertilizers and soil - is one of the ways to increase crop yields and the quality of agricultural products. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and fertilizing of sowings by nano preparation Avatar (micro fertilizer of carboxylates of natural acids), Iodis-concentrate (immunomodulator – a stimulator of growth processes), and Super Micro Plus (nanochelate fertilizer), and leaf apparatus formation of soybean Khorol variety. Field research was conducted in 2016–2020 in a stationary experiment at the NULES of Ukraine «Agronomic Research Station» in 10-field crop rotation and also in laboratory «Demonstration collection field of crops» of the Plant Science Department. As a result of the conducted researches, was established that the use of nano preparation Avatar, Iodis-concentrate, and Super Micro Plus for seed treatment and fertilizing intensified leaf surface formation and symbiotic apparatus activity of soybean plants. The obtained results confirm that the application of the complex of nano fertilizers Jodis-concentrate, Avatar, and nano-chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus in the soybean fertilization helped to increase the yield, which indicates their unconditional effectiveness. The highest efficiency of nano fertilizers was shown by inoculation and seed treatment by Avatar with co-fertilizing Avatar +nano-chelate fertilizer Super Micro Plus, providing formation of 52.4 thousand m2/ha of leaf surface area of soybean variety Khorol, 69.7 pcs/plant tubers on the root system, 785 mg/plant of their weight and yield at the level of 2.79 t/ha.
Актуальність. Важливу роль у забезпеченні високих урожаїв зерна гібридів кукурудзи відіграє їх здатність пристосовуватись до мінливих умов зовнішнього середовища, оскільки завданням сільськогосподарського виробництва є не просто досягнення високих показників урожайності, а стабільний їх прояв. Для сучасного вирощування стабільних урожаїв зерна кукурудзи великого значення набувають такі біологічні властивості сучасних гібридів, як пластичність і стабільність, які характеризують пристосувальні властивості організму, відкривають динаміку змін реакції генотипу на варіювання умов
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