Background: Infectious complications are the main cause of late death in patients with acute pancreatitis. Routine prophylactic antibiotic use following a severe attack has been proposed but remains controversial. On the other hand, nutritional support has recently yielded promising clinical results. The aim of study was to compare enteral vs. parenteral feeding for prevention of infectious complications in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: We screened 466 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis. A total of 70 patients with objectively graded severe acute pancreatitis were randomly allocated to receive either total enteral nutrition (TEN) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN), within 72 h of onset of symptoms. Baseline characteristics were well matched in the two groups. Results: The incidence of pancreatic infectious complications (infected pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess) was significantly lower in the enterally fed group (7 vs. 16, p = 0.02). In the TEN group, 7 patients developed multiple organ failure whereas 17 parenterally fed patients developed multiple organ failure (p = 0.02). Overall mortality was 20% with two deaths in the TEN group and twelve in the TPN group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Early TEN could be used as prophylactic therapy for infected pancreatic necrosis since it significantly decreased the incidence of pancreatic infectious complications as well as the frequency of multiple organ failure and mortality.

Context. The theoretical model of natural satellite motion may need improvement each time new observations of a considerable amount are accumulated over a significant time interval. Aims. The goal of our work is to elaborate the ephemeris of Phoebe based on all ground-based observations available to date and readily accessible for any user via the Internet. Methods. Our model for the orbit of Phoebe is based on numerical integration of the equations of motion. In the theory of satellite motion, all necessary perturbations were taken into account. To produce the ephemeris of Phoebe, we used a database that contains all published ground-based observations and expands constantly as new observations appear. Results. The new ephemeris of Phoebe, based on 1606 ground-based observations made at 39 observatories in the 103 year time interval, was elaborated. The real precision of the ephemeris is limited by the observational precision and is not worse than 0.15 . The ephemeris is available at: http://www.imcce.fr/sat and http://www.sai.msu.ru/neb/nss/index.htm. The ephemeris of Phoebe will be updated as new observations become available.

Context. There is a need in some research facilities for deriving ephemerides, controlling observations, verifying various models of motion, and calculating the coordinates in space of natural planetary satellites. Aims. The goal of our work is to elaborate the ephemerides of all natural satellites based upon all observations available to date and readily accessible for any user via the Internet. Methods. For all outer planetary satellites, original numerical models of motion are used that are based on all published observations. For other satellites, the theoretical models of the motion are taken from publications that are as recent as possible. Complete collection of the theories and models of motion is realized as a software for the ephemerides of natural satellites available on the web pages of the so-called server MULTI-SAT. Results. A new facility for producing ephemerides of all natural satellites of planets (except the Moon) has been created at IMCCE and SAI. Special features of the ephemerides are realized, such as predicting the phenomena and providing configurations useful for the observers. The server MULTI-SAT is accessible through the Internet. The URL addresses are http://www.imcce.fr/sat (English and French versions at IMCCE) and http://www.sai.msu.ru/neb/nss/index.htm (English, French, and Russian versions at SAI). This paper includes a complete review of the most precise theories of motion of all natural satellites that we used and an analysis of the precision of the proposed ephemerides.

Abstract.The results of the determination of orbits for 54 outer satellites of Jupiter based on all available observations of these satellites are presented. The problem was solved using numerical integration method applied to the equations of satellite motion. After initial conditions of integration were refined, the residuals of observations from theory were obtained. Values of root-mean-square residuals for the eight satellites JVI-JXIII in right ascensions and declinations were found to be in the range 0.48 −0.67 . The same parameters for the new outer Jovian satellites are in the range 0.10 -0.46 . During the process of numerical integration of equations, the series based on the Chebychev polynomials for the satellite cordinates were defined. The series are used to calculate the apparent positions of satellites at the ephemerides. This ephemerides tool has broad capabilities including the possibility of obtaining residuals for a large series of user observations. The satellite motion model and numerical integration method adopted in this work were compared with the methods used at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This comparison of the apparent positions of satellites has shown that the differences between the two models are not greater than 0.012 in a 100-year interval. The residuals of satellite observations are similar to those obtained at JPL.

Context. Any study of the dynamics of the Natural Planetary satellites needs to gather as many astrometric observations as possible of those that have been observed for centuries. This kind of work is partially made by each astronomer starting this kind of study but has never been done for all the satellite systems. Aims. The goal of our work is to build a database of all the available astrometric observations, together with all the information needed for efficient use of these data, and to avoid astronomers interested in the dynamics of Planetary satellites have to redo this data search. Methods. To do this we had to find and carefully read all the publications including observational data, international journals, or internal reports to be able to add the observations in the database knowing the reference frame used by the observer, the corrections and reduction made, and the time scale needed to link all the data. We also had to contact observatories and observers to be sure to have the raw data available. We gathered the bibliographic references related to the observations put in the database. Results. A new database containing about 90 percent of all the observations useful for studying the dynamics of the satellites is now available for the interested community of astronomers. NSDB is accessible on the Internet: http://www.imcce.fr/nsdc (IMCCE) and http://lnfm1.sai.msu.ru/neb/nss/nssnsdcme.htm (trilingual version of SAI).