The crude n-hexane:diethyl ether, chloroform:acetone and methanol extracts of four species of Ganoderma (Ganoderma colossum (Fr.) C. F. Baker, G. resinaceum Boud., G. lucidum (cf.) (Curtis) P. Karst. and G. boninense (cf.) Pat.), from Nigeria, were tested for antimicrobial activity. The three solvent extracts of all the species of Ganoderma were active against Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus subtilis, whereas none of the extracts were active against Cladosporium herbarum. Preliminary thin layer chromatography chemical tests on these extracts of Ganoderma showed that they contained compounds that stained blue-violet and blue or green when sprayed with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid or Dragendorff, respectively. The profile of compounds in the extracts showed some variation among the four species.
Six components of susceptibility (incubation period, latent period, pustule size, infection frequency, sporulation intensity and reaction type) were measured for seven cultivars of leek following inoculation with urediniospores of Puccinia allii. Variation among cultivars was observed for each component. Sporulation intensity, latent period, infection frequency and reaction type were correlated and appeared to be better criteria for describing variation in host response than incubation period and pustule size. Cultivars Olaf and Kajak were‘fast rusting’while cultivars Agria, Winterreuzen, Odin Longstanton, Gennevilliers Splendid and Platina exhibited varying levels of ‘slow rusting’. The ‘;slow‐rusting’ cultivars Agria and Winterreuzen are of sufficiently high agronomic quality to be worthy of consideration for commercial production.
Three colossolactones (colossolactone E, colossolactone B and 23-hydroxycolossolactone E) were isolated and characterized from an n-hexane:dichloromethane (2:7) extract of Ganoderma colossum using chromatographic techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the three compounds was then tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The activity was evaluated by the thin-layer chromatography agar overlay method. The results showed that colossolactone E and 23-hydroxycolossolactone E were active against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas syringae. Colossolactone B was not active against the bacteria. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Potency of the compounds against bacteria tested supports the use of this mushroom in therapeutic medicine.
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