Comparatives studies of the potency of seeds of Piper guineense Schumach. (Black peper), rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Ginger), leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem), leaves of Carica papaya Lam. (pawpaw) and leaves of Nicotiana tabacum Linn. (Tobacco) were tested against growth of F. solani in vitro. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Curvularia eragrostide and Colletotrichum sp which confirmed that all the fungi organisms elicited rot on healthy Hembankwase cultivar. In vitro tests of the different plant extracts on F. solani at 30 g/L, 60 g/L and 90 g/L revealed that all the extracts were fungitoxic. However, P. guineense and Z. officinale were more potent compared with A. indica, C. papaya and N. tabacum. The synthetic fungicide mancozeb consistently gave higher inhibition of 100% throughout the period of incubation in spite of the concentration used. Application of these extracts in the control of seed borne pathogens of yam during germination of yam setts also proved effective in both years with decay reduction index (DRI) ranging from 0.22 in Hembankwase to 0.88 in Pepa using Z. officinale in 2015 compared with 0.66 in Hembankwase and 0.77 in Pepa using P. guineense in 2016. Mean decay reduction index showed that all the extracts were more potent on Pepa cultivar than Hembankwase. It is therefore, concluded that plant extracts could be used as alternative to chemicals in controlling fungal pathogens of yam both in vitro and in vivo.
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are not only a unique flavor substance from leaf B. juncea but also a major secondary metabolite produced in response to abiotic stresses. Cold stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses in leaf B. juncea; however, the metabolic response pattern of GSLs in leaf B. juncea under cold stress has not yet been reported. In the present study, we analyzed the GSLs content of leaf B. juncea under cold stress and found that it increased and subsequently decreased. According to RNA-seq data, genes related to the synthesis of aliphatic GSLs were significantly upregulated following 24 h of cold stress; genes related to the synthesis of indole GSLs were significantly upregulated following 48 h of cold stress; and BjBGLU25 and BjBGLU27 were significantly upregulated. Further analysis of the correlation between transcription factors and GSLs content revealed that MYB, ERF, IQD, and bHLH may be involved in regulating the GSLs response pattern in leaf B. juncea under cold stress. In particular, an unreported transcription factor, BjMYBS3 (BjuVA05G33250), was found to play a possible role in the synthesis of aliphatic GSLs. And the external application of GSLs increased the ability of leaf B. juncea to cope with cold stress.
Globisporangium, especially G. sylvaticum, causes devastating root rot, blight, and other diseases in various species of cash crops. To investigate the distribution and host range of G. sylvaticum in Guizhou, a suitable habitat for this pathogen, we collected 156 root-diseased samples, isolated the pathogens, and found that G. sylvaticum is widespread and has eleven host plants, including four novel hosts. Furthermore, to effectively identify G. sylvaticum, we developed a simple and dependable method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which used a primer set designed from the internal transcribed spacer sequences with high specificity and sensitivity of 1 pg/μL. Additionally, to perform field identification, we used the “Plant-LAMP” method with crude DNA extraction to detect the pathogen in 45 root samples from nine species of plants. Our results showed that this method could effectively detect G. sylvaticum in diseased roots. Therefore, our findings not only enrich existing research on the diversity of pathogenic Globisporangium in Guizhou but also present an efficient LAMP field detection method that could significantly contribute to plant disease management and prevention.
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