Reflex responses were evoked by 12 light stimuli (5.3 x 10-5-3.5 mW cm-2; 500 ms), and the kinetic parameters of each response were recorded. 4 The amplitude and 75% recovery time were positively, and latency was negatively correlated with the logarithm of light stimulus intensity. In the presence of the antidepressants the latency was prolonged, the amplitude was reduced and the 75% recovery time was shortened. There was a positive linear relationship between reflex amplitude and recovery time under all three treatment conditions; this relationship was not significantly affected by the antidepressants. 5 The effects of the antidepressants on latency and amplitude are consistent with the blockade of muscarinic cholinoceptors in the iris, whereas the shortening of the recovery time appears to be secondary to the reduction in amplitude.
Eight healthy male volunteers participated in four experimental sessions in which they ingested one of the following drugs: ranitidine hydrochloride (150 mg), cimetidine hydrochloride (400 mg), thioridazine hydrochloride (50 mg), placebo (lactose). Drugs were allocated to subjects and sessions in a double‐blind fashion, according to a balanced cross‐over design. The subjects' mood state and psychomotor performance were assessed 1 and 3 h after drug taking. Mood state was measured using a battery of visual analogue scales, and psychomotor performance using pencil‐and‐paper tests, critical flicker fusion frequency, wire‐maze tracing and tapping. Ranitidine and cimetidine had no significant effect on subjectively rated alertness, whereas thioridazine caused a significant decrease in alertness. Ranitidine and cimetidine had no significant effect on performance on the pencil‐and‐ paper tests (digit cancellation, digit symbol substitution, symbol copying), whereas thioridazine caused a significant decrement on these tests. Ranitidine and cimetidine had no significant effect on critical flicker fusion frequency, wire‐maze tracing, and tapping rate. Thioridazine caused a significant impairment of psychomotor performance as evidenced by all the instrumental tests. It is concluded that, in contrast to thioridazine and similarly to cimetidine, ranitidine has little effect on subjectively rated alertness and psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers.
1. Three experiments were conducted to examine whether mydriatic or miotic drugs instilled into one eye have any effect on the diameter of the pupil of the untreated fellow eye, in healthy volunteers. 2. In Experiment 1, the effects of four subjects, using photography in an illuminated room to assess pupil diameter. The drug evoked a dose‐ dependent mydriasis in the index eye which was accompanied by a simultaneous dose‐dependent miosis in the fellow eye. 3. In Experiment 2, the same method was used to assess pupil diameter as in Experiment 1. The effects of mydriatic (methoxamine and tyramine) and of miotic (pilocarpine) drugs instilled into the fellow eye, were studied on the sizes of pupillary responses to the same drugs instilled into the index eye. The presence of a mydriatic drug in the fellow eye resulted in a decrease in the size of the mydriatic responses in the index eye. 4. In Experiment 3, the effects of three concentrations of phenylephrine hydrochloride (0.15‐0.60 M) and of three concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride (0.002‐0.008 M), were studied in darkness using an infra‐ red binocular television pupillometer, in seven subjects. Phenylephrine evoked dose‐dependent mydriasis and pilocarpine evoked dose‐dependent miosis. The pupillary responses of the index eye were not accompanied by any changes in the diameter of the pupil of the fellow eye. 5. It is concluded that drug‐induced mydriasis in the index eye is accompanied by a consensual miosis in the fellow eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two single doses (300 and 600 mg) of fengabine, a novel antidepressant, a single dose (50 mg) of amitriptyline, and a single dose of placebo were taken by sixteen male healthy volunteers (18-30 years), in weekly experimental sessions, according to a balanced double-blind cross-over design. In Part A (eight subjects) subjective mood state, psychomotor performance and some baseline autonomic functions were measured before, and 1,3 and 5 hours after drug taking. In Part B, cholinoceptor-mediated tissue responses (pilocarpine-evoked miosis and carbachol-evoked sweating) were measured two and a half hours after drug taking. Fengabine and placebo did not affect any of the test results, whereas amitriptyline had effects consistent with the sedative (reduction in alertness, impairment of psychomotor performance) and antimuscarinic (reduction in salivation and carbachol-evoked sweating) properties of the drug.KEY woms-Fengabhe, amitriptyline, psychomotor functions, autonomic functions.
Urinary excretion of phenylethylamine (PEA) was determined in 19 agoraphobic, 15 obsessive compulsive and 10 neurotic depressive outpatients, and 17 healthy volunteers. Variations in urinary PEA concentrations did not appear to correlate with any of the diagnostic groups.
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