BackgroundCocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, which has been correlated with more severe addiction and aggressive behavior. However, little is known about the nature of the relationship between personality traits and psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. This study examined the relationship between neuroticism and cocaine-induced psychosis.MethodsA total of 231 cocaine-dependent patients seeking treatment were recruited to the study. Personality was evaluated by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Cocaine-induced psychosis questionnaire, SCID-I, and SCID-II were used to evaluate comorbidity and clinical characteristics. Data analysis was performed in three steps: descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses.ResultsCocaine-induced psychosis was reported in 65.4% of the patients and some personality disorder in 46.8%. Two personality dimensions (Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility) presented a significant effect on the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms (t(229) = 2.69, p = 0.008; t(229) = 2.06, p = 0.004), and patients with psychotic symptoms showed higher scores in both variables. On the multivariate analysis, only Neuroticism remained as a significant personality factor independently associated with psychotic symptoms (Wald = 7.44, p<0.05, OR = 1.08, CI 95% 1.02–1.16) after controlling for age, gender and number of consumption substances.ConclusionsAn association between high neuroticism scores and presence of psychotic symptoms induced by cocaine has been found, independently of other consumption variables. Personality dimensions should be evaluated in cocaine-dependent patients in order to detect high scores of neuroticism and warn patients about the risk of developing cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms.
Introduction:Many risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP)in cocaine-dependent patient (CDP) have been described although there not exactly known. Differences in the personality traits or disorders in CDP with or without CIP has been described. However, there are few studies studding the relationship between CIP and personality with a dimensional approach in order to clarify if there are any personal dimension related with CIP or/and personality disorders (PD) in CDP.Objetives:This study the relationship between CIP and personality trails evaluates with ZKPQ, and attempted to identify any personality dimension as a risk factors for CIP.Aims & Methods:We performed a cross-sectional, observational study in 260 (75.5% man, 36.5 y.o) CDP according DSM-IV-TR seeking treatment between May 2009 and April 2013. The SCID-I, SCID–II, ZKPQ and a structured interview about CIP were performed.Results:CIP was reported for 66.4% of the patients. Patients with CIP had an earlier onset of cocaine dependence (p<0.05). Any PD was identified in 46.9% of the sample. Patients with CIP were diagnosed with ASPD more frequently (28.9% vs. 15.6%, X2=9.9, p<0.05). ZKPQ mean were: Sociability (6.3± 3.6), Neuroticism-Anxiety (10.8± 4.8), Impulsive Sensation Seeking (10.8±4.5), Aggression Hostility (9.06±3.2) and Activity (8.3±3.4). Patients with CIP presented higher scores in Neuroticism-Anxiety (11,4±4,7 vs. 9,6±5, t=2.7, p<0.05) and Aggression-Hostility (9,4±3,1 vs. 9,4±3,1, t=2.3, p<0.05) than patients without CIP.Conclusions:The detection of high scores of neuroticism-anxiety and aggression-hostility trails should lead to evaluate the presence of CIP in CDP in order to alert them of the risk of develop CIP.
IntroductionSubstance-dependent patients(SDP) have more personality disorders(PD) than general population; and they present more frequent and severe levels of depression and anxiety.ObjectivesTo study cluster C personality disorders in SDP.MethodsWe included a clinical sample of 822(621 males) SDP according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria seeking treatment in the Outpatient Drug Clinic Vall d’Hebron in Barcelona, Spain.The assessment process consisted of three interview sessions conducted by trained psychiatrists and psychologists using SCID I and II, BDI, STAI-R/S. Exclusion criteria were:intoxication at baseline examination, severe somatic disease at baseline examination and low language proficiency.Results39.2% of the sample presented at least one PD and 9.55% presented a cluster C PD. Of them the found prevalence were Avoidant(44.9%), Dependt(11.5%), Obssessive-compulsive(37.2%), comorbidity (6.4%). The addiction prevalences that Cluster C PD patients show were: dependent of alcohol 9.4%, benzodiazepines 18.5%, opioids 6.1%, cocaine 9.7 and cannabis 12.3%.70.5% of the PD cluster C group were men, however differences according to the cluster C PD were found, being higher the proportion of men in Obsessive-compulsive PD (85.7%) and fewer in Dependent PD patients (33.7%)(χ2 =12.19, p = .007).Cluster C PD patients presented more depressive symptoms and showed higher scores in anxiety-trait than patient with Cluster A or B PD, being this difference statistically significant.ConclusionThere is a high rate of cluster C personality disorders among addicted patients. Higher levels of anxiety depression are detected in these patients. Clinicians should be check systematically this symptoms and traits in addicted patients.
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