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Abstract-A method based on concurrent neuro-fuzzy system (CNFS) is presented to calculate simultaneously the resonant frequencies of the rectangular, circular, and triangular microstrip antennas (MSAs).The CNFS comprises an artificial neural network (ANN) and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In a CNFS, neural network assists the fuzzy system continuously (or vice versa) to compute the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency results of CNFS for the rectangular, circular, and triangular MSAs are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature.

Abstract-Models based on fuzzy inference systems (FISs) for calculating the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antennas (MSAs) with thin and thick substrates are presented. Two types of FIS models, Mamdani FIS model and Sugeno FIS model, are used to compute the resonant frequency. The parameters of FIS models are determined by using various optimization algorithms. The resonant frequency results predicted by FIS models are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. When the performances of FIS models are compared with each other, the best result is obtained from the Sugeno FIS model trained by the leastsquares algorithm.

Objectives To investigate the eCectiveness and reliabilityResults The mean duration of surgery, hospital stay and urethral catheterization were significantly longer with of the combination of optical mechanical cystolithotripsy (OMC) and transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) combined OMC and TURP than with OMC alone (P<0.05). Stone-free rates were 94% after OMC alone for the treatment of bladder calculi and obstructive benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).and 93% after combined OMC and TURP. The postoperative mean peak flow rates were 14.3 mL/s after Patients and methods From December 1990 to December 1996, 61 patients who had bladder stones the combined procedure and 15.2 mL/s after TURP alone. The complication rates were 21% for the comand BPE or bladder neck contracture were treated with combined OMC and TURP; 32 patients who had bined procedure and 13% for OMC alone. The complication rate of TURP was 5%, significantly lower than bladder stones with no infravesical obstruction were treated with OMC alone. The records of a random that for the combined procedure (P<0.05). Conclusion Bladder stones were associated with infravselection of 97 patients with obstructive BPE who were treated with TURP only in the same period were esical obstruction in two-thirds of patients. Simultaneous treatment with OMC and TURP did not used as the control. The operative duration time, the length of hospital stay, the duration of urethral cathchange the eCectiveness of these procedures, but caused additional morbidity. eterization, outcome and complications of the procedures for each patients were reviewed. The MannKeywords Bladder calculi, lithotripsy, transurethral prostatectomy Whitney U-test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.posing condition for vesical calculous disease. Although

A method based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for computing the effective permittivity and the characteristic impedance of the micro-coplanar strip (MCS) line is presented. The ANFIS is a class of adaptive networks which are functionally equivalent to fuzzy inference systems (FISs). A hybrid learning algorithm, which combines the least square method and the backpropagation algorithm, is used to identify the parameters of ANFIS. The effective permittivity and the characteristic impedance results obtained by using ANFIS are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental results reported elsewhere.