Afield experiment was conducted on sandy clay loamy soil during the rabiand summer season of 2011-2012 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the effective weed management practices in blackgram. The experiment comprising of eleven weed management treatments were conducted in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatments involving pre-emergence herbicide viz., pendimethalin and postemergence herbicide viz., imazethapyr, quizalofop-ethyl and in combination with hand weeding once. In addition, hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS were tested with unweeded check. The results revealed that higher seed (1431 kg/ha in rabi and 1493 kg/ha in summer) yield and higher weed control efficiency were recorded under application of pendimethalin (0.75 kg/ha) as pre emergence at 3 DAS followed by (fb) mixture of imazethapyr (50 g/ha) + quizalofopethyl (50 g/ha) as post emergence at 20 days after sowing (DAS) and which was comparable with pre emergence application of pendimethalin fb half the dose mixture of above mentioned post emergence herbicides. The control treatment, more weed growth observed throughout the crop growing period caused 62 and 58 per cent reduction in seed yield during both rabiand summer seasons respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that application pendimethalin followed by imazethapyr + quizalofop-ethyl enhanced the weed control efficiency and also an effective weed management practice with respect to yield and cost for the blackgram.
SUMMARY :Sugarcane being a giant crop producing huge quantity biomass generally demands higher amounts of water and nutrients. Sub surface drip fertigation is the best way of improving water and fertilizer use efficiency to meet the challenging demand of increased fertilizer requirement. Sub surface drip irrigation ensures supply of nutrients at the area of most intensive root activity thereby results in increased yield and returns to the farmer. A research trial was conducted to study the effect nutrient levels and sources of nutrients for sustainable sugarcane Initiative (SSI) under sub surface drip irrigation system involving three irrigation regimes (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Pan Evaporation Factor, PEF) in main plots and fertigation of solely through commercial fertilizers, partially through commercial and water soluble fertilizers with different sources. The crop was raised by adopting double side plating (zig zag planting at 60 cm) with 180 cm inter row spacing. Drip irrigation given in two days interval and fertigation given at six days interval from 15 DAP to 210 DAP. The result reveals that among the irrigation regimes, sub surface drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF registered higher number of tillers, millable canes (112. 99 thousands). With regard to the sources of nutrients, the highest tillers and millable canes were registered under fertigation of 75 % RDF (50 % P and K as basal, balance through water soluble fertilizers as Ultrasol -9: 5:33, urea and SOP. The sub surface drip irrigation to SSI cane at 1.0 PEF with an interval of 2 days recorded the maximum cane (147.16 ton /ha) and sugar yield (18.41 ton/ha). Fertigation of 75 % RDF (50 % P and K as basal balance through WSF as Ultrasol -9:5:33, urea and SOP to SSI) cane gave highest cane yield 135. 04 t/ha. With respect to interaction effect, irrigation at 1.0 PEF and fertigation of 75 % RDF (50 %P and K as basal balance through WSF as Ultrasol -9:5:33, urea and SOP) registered to highest cane yield (156.25 t/ha) and sugar yield (19.94 ton /ha). The highest water use of 1684 mm was recorded in 1.0PEF compared to 1377 mm in 0.8 PEF and 1070 mm in 0.6 PEF. The highest water use efficiency and water productivity were observed in drip irrigation given at 0.6 PEF compared to other irrigation regimes due to less water use. The highest gross income, net return and B: C ratio (4.6) was registered when irrigation at 1.0 PEF and fertigation of 75 % RDF (50 %P and K as basal balance through WSF as Ultrasol -9:5:33, urea and SOP).How to cite this article : Sathyamoorthy, N.K., Gurusamy, A., Ragavan, T., Prabhakaran, J., Rajeshwari, M., Venkataraman, N. S. and Pandian, B.J. (2017). Optimization nutrient levels and sources of nutrients for sustainable sugarcane initiative under sub surface drip fertigation system.
Field experiments were conducted during samba seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to study the effect of organic manures and inorganic nutrients on yield, physicochemical and cooking quality of Seeragasamba rice. The experiments were conducted in sandy clay loam with pH around 7.5. Fourteen treatments comprising different sources of organic manures and inorganic nutrients were replicated thrice under RBD. The treatments are as follows: T1-100%N through Green Manure, T2-75%N through Green Manure+25%N through RDF, T3-50%N through Green Manure+50% N through RDF, T4 -100%N through FYM, T5-75% N through FYM+25% N through RDF, T6-50% N through FYM+50% N through RDF, T7-100% N through Composted Poultry Manure, T8-75%N through Composted Poultry Manure+25%N through RDF, T9-50% N through Composted Poultry Manure+50%N through RDF, T10-100%N through Vermicomposted Pressmud, T11-75% N through Vermicomposted Pressmud+25% N through RDF, T12-50% N through Vermicomposted Pressmud + 50% N, T13-RDF @ 56:37:37 NPK Kg/ha through in organic and T14 -Control (No Nitrogen). The results revealed that in both samba seasons, the highest grain yield was obtained in (T3) application of 50% N through green manure + 50% N through RDF and it was followed by the (T12) application of 50% N through vermicomposted pressmud + 50% N through RDF. However, both treatments were found to be on par with each other. The milling recovery, head rice recovery, protein and starch amylose content were also found to be higher in these treatments as compared to others. The cooking quality evaluated interms of increased length and breadth of cooked rice were also enhanced in these treatments. The sensory evaluation attributes viz., colour, taste, texture and overall acceptability were also increased in T3 and T12.
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