Disasters are crisis circumstances that put human life in jeopardy. During disasters, public communication infrastructure is particularly damaged, obstructing Search And Rescue (SAR) efforts, and it takes significant time and effort to re-establish functioning communication infrastructure. SAR is a critical component of mitigating human and environmental risks in disasters and harsh environments. As a result, there is an urgent need to construct communication networks swiftly to help SAR efforts exchange emergency data. UAV technology has the potential to provide key solutions to mitigate such disaster situations. UAVs can be used to provide an adaptable and reliable emergency communication backbone and to resolve major issues in disasters for SAR operations. In this paper, we evaluate the network performance of UAV-assisted intelligent edge computing to expedite SAR missions and functionality, as this technology can be deployed within a short time and can help to rescue most people during a disaster. We have considered network parameters such as delay, throughput, and traffic sent and received, as well as path loss for the proposed network. It is also demonstrated that with the proposed parameter optimization, network performance improves significantly, eventually leading to far more efficient SAR missions in disasters and harsh environments.
The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and their integration in smart cities have changed the way we work and live, and enriched our society. However, IoT technologies present several challenges such as increases in energy consumption, and produces toxic pollution as well as E-waste in smart cities. Smart city applications must be environmentally-friendly, hence require a move towards green IoT. Green IoT leads to an eco-friendly environment, which is more sustainable for smart cities. Therefore, it is essential to address the techniques and strategies for reducing pollution hazards, traffic waste, resource usage, energy consumption, providing public safety, life quality, and sustaining the environment and cost management. This survey focuses on providing a comprehensive review of the techniques and strategies for making cities smarter, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Furthermore, the survey focuses on IoT and its capabilities to merge into aspects of potential to address the needs of smart cities. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for future research in smart city applications.
Aerial telecommunications have been investigated for three decades through the design and evaluation of stratospheric platforms able to offer multiple types of wireless services. HAP may be airplanes or airships and may be manned or unmanned with autonomous operation coupled with remote control from the ground. There is increasing interest in the development of airspace platforms in recent years, for example, HAP carrying equipment for telecommunications, remote sensing or digital broadcasting. The multiple types of platform are able to carry a communication payload at different altitudes. Regarding the altitude of aerial communication, there are three categories of balloons, High Altitude Platforms (HAP), Medium Altitude platform (MAP) and Low Altitude Platform (LAP). HAPs provide an excellent option for emergency communications, their survivability during a disaster and ability to be continuously on station offer an ideal solution for an emergency communications capability. This paper focused on the basic characteristics of communication systems based on HAP, it outlines alternative network architecture scenarios for provision of wireless access to broadband communication services. HAP can coexist with WiMAX in same coverage area. Therefore, these systems can work efficiently and effectively with share frequency to sustain high QoS.
Tethered Balloon features made it suitable for disaster preparedness, mitigation, and recovery. The performance of rescue and relief teams was effective and efficient before and after the disaster as well as can be continued to coordinate the relief teams until disaster recovery. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:222-231).
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