The Paddar Valley, historically known as Sapphire Valley situated in Kishtwar district, is a prime landmark in the Jammu region of J&K state and is known for its rich cultural and plant diversity because of diverse habitats such as rivers, streams, meadows and steep mountain slopes. The area is located in the dry temperate region comprising typical vegetation which disappears completely on the eastern slopes, dominated by a variety of economical species which play an important role in the rural life. The inhabitants are dependent on plant resources for food, fuel, timber, shelter, fodder/forage, household articles and traditional medicines in treating diseases like malaria, cancer, gastro-intestinal ailments, etc. This paper deals with the observations on traditional therapeutic application by the inhabitants of Paddar Valley. The ethno-botanical information on medicinal plants would not only be useful in conservation of traditional cultures and biodiversity but also community health care and drug development. Exploration survey in Paddar Valley has revealed that people collect and sell these medicinal species through local intermediaries / contractors to earn their livelihood. But the scientific cultivation and appropriate post-harvest management would improve employment opportunity and income of local farmers in the region.
Zephyranthes is a rather versatile genus and contains self-incompatible and self-compatible taxa coupled with positional barrier between stigma and anthers . The two may augment or run counter to each other. Furthermore, the genus also contains sexual and agamospermous species . The latter are often self-pollinated and pseudogamous . Z . sulphurea (2n = 48) when pollinated with Z . candida (2n = 40 and 41) has consistently given rise to seedlings with maternal chromosome number and morphology . Z . lancasteri and cv. 20 also behave similarly . This is a strong pointer for their being agamospermous, although a final proof will come from an embryological study . The intraspecific polymorphism within agamospermous taxa in the genus may be the result of autosegregation . On the other hand, the crosses involving sexual species like Z . candida (2n = 41) as the female parent have generated a large heterogeneous progeny ranging in chromosome number from 2n = 33 to 48 depending upon the number in the male parent . Such versatility of the breeding system together with chromosomal repatterning, hybridization, polyploidy and vegetative multiplication/apomixis explains the origin and preservation of an astonishing range in chromosome numbers from 2n = 18 to 96 .
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