Energy objects, installations of high and ultra-high voltage, are considered man-made, dangerous objects in terms of the intensity of the electric and magnetic field distribution, which create ion shells in high-altitude zones and spread a certain radius on the territory of a residential area. In this regard, during the construction and commissioning of low-frequency power facilities, it is necessary to conduct a specific environmental analysis on the selected territory. One of the main sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the construction and commissioning of high – voltage power lines is to take into account changes in the daily and seasonal distribution of electrical loads along high-voltage power lines, which have a continuous dynamic characteristic that increases the level of electric and magnetic field strength. In turn, the development of information support for environmental problems of the territory based on GIS technologies makes it possible to record information about the ecological state of the territory at a specific time and present this state with a set of thematic environmental maps of various territorial or district entities. It should be noted that the above characteristics increase the advantage of geoinformation technologies as an information platform of the database, which will make it possible to obtain data for processing operational analyses and conclusions about the state of the environment around high-voltage power lines.
The growing energy demand of the city of Shymkent has led to the construction and introduction of new energy hubs, high-voltage power lines, which are being built and conducted around residential areas exposed to environmental and carcinogenic risks. In turn, when constructing new energy facilities, energy companies and designers should present a cartography of residential areas in the project, in addition to the features of the selected territories and the population, which becomes a multi-factor object and subject of research when taking into account environmental and sanitary-epidemiological requirements, as well as when choosing optimal solutions in terms of routing high-voltage power lines. In our case, the residential district of Nursat, Nazarbayev Avenue and Kazygurt were chosen as such objects, which are polluted residential areas from the point of view of the spread of electromagnetic radiation generated by high-voltage power lines with a voltage of 110 and 220 kV. The introduction of modern information technologies of a new generation made it possible to pinpoint and determine the main zones of electromagnetic radiation contamination, to establish the gradients of the electric and magnetic fields according to the degree of its impact, as well as to determine the number of residential objects that are partly exposed to carcinogenic and environmental risk by using the functional features of the geoinformation program.
Nowadays, one of the key issues in the ecological field and environmental protection is the influence of the electromagnetic field distribution intensity generated by low-frequency energy objects on the urban system. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to establish sanitary protection zones, taking into account the necessary maximum permissible conditions, during the construction and commissioning of new energy facilities. The agglomeration environment of the Shymkent city in the Republic of Kazakhstan where there is an increased electromagnetic pollution propagation generated by 110 and 220 kV high-voltage lines has been taken as the object under study. At the initial stage, the geometric parameters of power transmission lines have been determined by ground-based laser scanning and were later used in the main calculations to determine the electric and magnetic field distribution intensity. The mirror image method has been used to determine the electric and magnetic field levels in high-voltage transmission lines. As a result of the calculations obtained a geoinformation map was constructed based on the gradient of electric and magnetic fields in the studied territories using the inversely weighted distance method with the use of the ESRI ARC Gis application program. A three-dimensional characteristic is constructed that visually shows the dependence of the time spent by people in the zone of electromagnetic radiation, which depends on the radiated object. This characteristic is a sanitary protection zone that restricts the routing of line workers.
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