Fana' according to the discipline of Sufism is a spiritual experience referring to the focus of strong memory only on the greatness and majesty of Allah SWT and blunt memory of other things. It is further strengthened by the fading feeling of dependence on anything other than Allah SWT. This study aims to analyse the concept of fana' found in the discipline of Sufism and its ability to reduce the stress encountered by individuals in the Muslim community today based on the spiritual theory of al-Ghazali. This qualitative study uses the method of data collection by making the works that have been produced by al-Ghazali as the main reference in addition to expert interviews of related issues. All data obtained were analysed to produce research findings. Studies have found that the concept of fana' according to al-Ghazali is the ability to reduce the stress faced by individuals. This is because, the ability of the individual to maintain the memory of the heart only to Allah SWT, could eliminate the stress feelings that strike within. Study concludes that the concept of fana' has positive implications in daily life that serve as spiritual therapy in reducing stress.
A great deal of soul therapy is accentuated by researchers to address the crisis that occurs in society, such as music as the messing soul therapy being, besides motivational words are also brought out as a therapeutic substance in addressing the issue. The healing in tackling various diseases such as presumptuous feelings, arrogant, majestic, show off the self-advantages and others that have been highlighted by ancient Islamic scholars are not popular emphasized in scientific studies. The implications of neglect to the survey of the therapeutic relationship of such negative values with the given spirit of the soul therapy, the issue of a moral impact of individuals among the society that will never find a solution. Hence, this qualitative work is conducted to identify how the soul therapy can be brought out through the content analysis method of the spiritual theories presented by a prominent Sufi figure, al-Ghazali (d. 505H). This work developed a Model of the Soul Therapy using the Value chain analysis framework, by loading essential elements of spiritual being theory in his works titled "Al-Arba'in Fi Usul al-Din." His various statements in the therapy process were formulated to be used as a number of the principal activities for soul therapy, while others were supporting activities for the completeness of the primary activity. As a result of the analysis of al-Ghazali's theory, the study entirely built al-Ghazali's Soul Therapy Model. The study found that the soul therapy model based on Tazkiyah and Taḥliyyah methods emphasized by al-Ghazali was able to contribute a positive impression on the individual soul building. Hence the model is practiced among the community, and it will surely develop a society living in harmony, mutual esteem, and tolerance. The study concluded that the concept of the Soul therapy brought out by al-Ghazali, especially practices among the community today in sculpting people with sacred souls.
Fana’ is term for annihilation of the self-appreciation, a concept highlighted in Sufism represents the vanishing of the human wicked attributes that is embellished by various demands of evil desires. On the other hands, Fanā’ is also refers to the only concentration of the memory in appreciation of the perfection and the glory of Allah SWT. This is because fana' is a high level stage of consciousness and a precise focus attentions only on Allah SWT to the stage that other things to be blunt as if lost from seeker’s memory. Nevertheless, in the discourse of Islamic thoughts, many misunderstandings and misappropriation are correlated to the concept of fana’ that occurs in Sufis path. Therefore, this article efforts to high spot the concept of fana’ conferring to Sheikh Daud al-Fatani (d.1847) through his work to scrutinize the extent to which the concept of fana’ posed by him in line with other well-known Nusantara Sufi figures. This study uses the content analysis method by referring to the work of Sheikh Daud al-Fatani sufi entitled "al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayan al-Ramz al-Sufi". The study found that the term of fana' presented by Sheikh Daud al-Fatani was in line with the meaning of fana' which was emphasized by the previous Nusantara Sufi figures such as Sayyid Abdul Rahman (d.1917), Sheikh Abdul Samad al-Falimbani (d.1788) and other ancient Sufis figures. However, the use of the term is somewhat different in explaining the fana's meaning since Sheikh Daud al-Fatani in his work emphases more on the aspect of the existence stage which he labeled as the seventh stages (Martabat Tujuh). The study concludes that the concept of fana' posed by the figure was an essential bridge in understanding the concept of fanā' adopted by the practitioners of Sufis path among society nowadays. Keywords: Fana’, Syeikh Daud al-Fatani, Nusantara Sufi, Martabat Tujuh, al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī fī Bayan al-Ramz al-Ṣūfī. Fana‟ menurut disiplin Ilmu Tasawuf ialah lenyap sifat manusiawi yang terbelenggu dengan pelbagai tuntutan syahwat dan hawa nafsu, hal keadaan tumpuan ingatan hati hanya tenggelam dalam menghayati sifat kesempurnaan dan keagungan Allah SWT. Hal demikian adalah kerana fana‟ merupakan kesedaran aras tinggi dan tumpuan ingatan yang jitu yang hanya terumpu kepada Allah SWT hingga ingatan dan perasaan terhadap perkara lain menjadi tumpul seolah-olah lenyap daripada ingatan. Walaupun begitu, dalam wacana pemikiran akidah, banyak ditimbulkan isu-isu yang berkait dengan kesilapfahaman dan penyelewengan terhadap institusi tarekat khususnya yang berkait dengan konsep fana‟. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini cuba mengetengahkan konsep fana‟ menurut Sheikh Daud al-Fatani (w. 1847M) menerusi karya beliau untuk meneliti sejauh mana konsep fana yang telah dikemukakan oleh beliau selaras dengan tokoh sufi Nusantara yang lain dan tokoh- tokoh sufi silam lain yang muktabar. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dengan merujuk karya sufi Sheikh Daud al-Fatani yang berjudul “al-Manhal al-Safi fiBayan al-Ramz al-Sufi”. Kajian mendapati bahawa istilah fana‟ yang dikemukakan oleh Sheikh Daud al-Fatani selaras dengan makna fana‟ yang telah diketengahkan oleh tokoh sufi Nusantara seperti Sayyid Abdul Rahman (w. 1917M), Sheikh Abdul Samad al-Falimbani (w. 1788M) dan tokoh sufi silam yang muktabar. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan istilahnya agak berbeza dalam memberi penjelasan tentang pengertian fana‟. Di samping itu, Sheikh Daud al-Fatani dalam karya beliau lebih banyak menumpukan perbincangan terhadap aspek peringkat kewujudan yang diistilahkan oleh beliau sebagai martabat tujuh. Kajian menyimpulkan bahawa konsep fana‟ yang dikemukakan beliau merupakan suatu jambatan asas yang penting dalam memahami konsep fanā‟ yang digunapakai oleh pengamal tarekat kesufian dalam kalangan masyarakat kini. Kata kunci: Fana‟, Syeikh Daud al-Fatani, Sufi Nusantara, Martabat Tujuh, al-Manhal al-Safi Bayan al-Ramz al-Sufi.
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