Our data suggest that parental infection control education and recruitment to relieve nursing staff of routine low-risk procedures are economical and easily implemented measures to reduce nosocomial infections in hospitals with limited personnel resources in the developing world.
Methods: Children aged ''3 months to <5 years with new episodes of AOM (onset of symptoms <3 days) were included. Middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected by tympanocentesis or by sampling of spontaneous otorrhea (<20% of all cases). Recovered bacteria were identified and serotyped.Results: 99 children with new episodes of AOM were enrolled between January 2008 and January 2009. 100 MEF samples from tympanocentesis (n = 84) and otorrhea (n = 16) were collected (1 subject had 1 sample collected in each ear). The median participant age was 29 months (range: 5 -55months), and 54.5% of subjects were male. Bacteria were cultured from 63% samples with at least one pathogen under study. H. influenzae was isolated in 31 (31%), 30 S. pneumoniae (30%), 2 S. pyogenes (2%) and 3 S. aureus (3%). 14 (46.7%) S. pneumoniae isolates were serotypes found in the two licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (14, 19F & 23F), 7 (23%) were vaccine-related types 6A (n = 5) and 19A (n = 2) and 7 were non-vaccine types. 27/31 (87%) of H. influenzae isolates were non-typeable. No M. catarrhalis was isolated.Conclusion: Non-typeable H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were the leading bacterial causes of AOM in Cali, Colombia. A vaccine with efficacy against both pathogens would be most useful to prevent AOM.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.