In this study, a complete numerical simulation of a growing and departing bubble on a horizontal surface has been performed. A finite difference scheme is used to solve the equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in the vapor-liquid layers. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by a level set method which is modified to include the influence of phase change at the liquid-vapor interphase. The disjoining pressure effect is included in the numerical analysis to account for heat transfer through the liquid microlayer. From the numerical simulation, the location where the vapor-liquid interface contacts the wall is observed to expand and then retract as the bubble grows and departs. The effect of static contact angle and wall superheat on bubble dynamics has been quantified. The bubble growth predicted from numerical analysis has been found to compare well with the experimental data reported in the literature and that obtained in this work. Recently, Lee and Nydahl (1989) have numerically simulated Journal of Heat Transfer Copyright © 1999 by ASME AUGUST 1999, Vol. 121 / 623 Downloaded From: http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 05/25/2015 Terms of Use: http://asme.org/terms Transactions of the ASME Downloaded From: http://heattransfer.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 05/25/2015 Terms of Use: http://asme.org/terms
A bubble merger process on a single nucleation site has been investigated by numerically solving the equations governing conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the vapor and liquid phases. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by a level set method which can easily handle breaking and merging of the interface. The level set method is modified to include the effects of phase change at the interface and contact angle at the wall. Also, the evaporative heat flux from the thin liquid film that forms underneath a growing bubble attached to the wall is incorporated in the analysis. Based on the numerical simulations, the effect of bubble merger on vapor removal rate, flow field and heat transfer has been quantified. The bubble merger pattern predicted numerically has been found to compare well with the experimental observations.
The critical heat flux during subcooled flow boiling in narrow one-side heated rectangular channels was investigated experimentally using fluorinert liquid PF-5060 as a coolant. Three channel widths were examined, that is 1.3mm, 2.0mm, and 3.0mm. The heating surface was 10mm wide and 200mm long and only vertical upflow was experimented. Experiments were conducted at nearly atmospheric pressure under the following conditions: subcooled coolant mass velocity 2000–5000 kg/m2s; inlet temperature 24–47 °C; exit pressure 1.0–1.4 bar; equilibrium quality at channel exit −0.58 to −0.28. Critical heat flux under the above experimental conditions was found to increase with increase in mass velocity, with decrease in the channel width, and with increase in the inlet subcooling. Visual observations showed that bubbles were small and had diameter less than 100μm. A comparison of the data with correlations reported in the literature showed that the correlations generally tended to overpredict the data. The correlations also do not show a proper trend with respect to the effect of channel width on critical heat flux. A new correlation based on dimensional analysis has been proposed. The correlation proposed can predict experimental data within 20% uncertainty.
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