Bladder and erectile dysfunction are recognized complications of radical rectal surgery, although there is significant variation in the reported risk; much of this variability is related to the retrospective nature of most previous studies. This study demonstrates the importance of prospective urodynamic evaluation and confirms that the small but significant risk of permanent bladder dysfunction is likely to be related to pelvic nerve injury at the time of surgery.

Objective To determine the prevalence of human papil-same technique, no HPV DNA was found in any of the bladder tumour specimens examined. lomavirus (HPV) DNA types 6, 11 and 16 in histological sections of human bladder cancer.Conclusions Using a technique with proven efficacy in the detection of HPV DNA from histological specimens, Materials and methods Fifty-five formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded bladder tumour specimens were analysed no HPV DNA was present in any of the bladder tumours examined. This finding is in agreement with for the presence of HPV infection using Southern blotting DNA hybridization and radiolabelled probes most recently published studies suggesting that HPV has no significant role in the development of human for HPV DNA types 6/11 and 16. Results Despite the detection of HPV DNA type 6, 11 bladder cancer. Keywords Human papillomavirus, bladder cancer, DNA and 16 in positive control samples and the successful detection of HPV DNA in anogenital cancer using the hybridization upression. Hybridization of the tumour DNA confirmed

The results suggest that the strict requirement of two consecutive azoospermic postvasectomy semen specimens may be unjustified, leads to a high level of non-compliance and causes unnecessary delay in confirming success of the procedure.

Bladder cancer remains an important cause of oncological morbidity and mortality in women. Known etiological agents include smoking and exposure to certain industrial chemical compounds, though the origin of the majority of cases remains unknown. Human papillomavirus infection is also common in women and has been closely linked to the development of carcinoma of the cervix. It has been suggested that infection with HPV may also be an important factor in the subsequent development of bladder cancer. A number of studies using various techniques of molecular biology have looked at the relationship between HPV infection and bladder cancer. Although the results are somewhat conflicting, the overall picture would suggest little involvement of HPV in the evolution of bladder cancer, except possibly in a small group of patients who are immunocompromised.

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Palliative procedures have been developed for use as an alternative to major surgery in patients with a short life‐expectancy due to advanced malignancy or other conditions. Authors from the UK describe a technique for ureteric embolization in such patients who have urinary fistulae, finding it to be safe and effective. OBJECTIVE To report experience with a minimally invasive technique for palliation of urinary fistula/incontinence complicating advanced pelvic malignancy or its treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used ureteric embolization with permanent nephrostomy drainage in eight renal units in five patients for palliation of symptoms. All procedures were done under local anaesthesia as day‐case procedures. Nephrostomy tubes were changed at regular intervals on an outpatient basis. Embolization was repeated when required. RESULTS The follow‐up was 2–84 months; four patients died from the underlying malignancy during the follow‐up. All patients were continent and had effective palliation of their symptoms. Two patients required repeat embolization. There were no embolization‐related complications. CONCLUSIONS Ureteric embolization is a safe and effective minimally invasive palliative treatment option in urinary fistulae or incontinence complicating advanced pelvic malignancy.

E84 Case reportStimulation of a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma after administration of goserelin acetate for locally advanced prostate cancer causing a sustained elevation in PSA and testosterone AbstractLong-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, such as goserelin, have been used for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer for many years and are the main forms of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Acting on pituitary LHRH receptors, they initially stimulate a transient rise in serum folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and LH. Long-term administration of an LHRH analogue will eventually lead to down regulation of LHRH receptors, thus suppressing FSH and LH secretion. This in turn suppresses testosterone production hence achieving and maintaining androgen deprivation. This case highlights the potential anomaly of a sustained elevated serum testosterone in the context of newly diagnosed locally advanced prostate cancer with a co-existing pituitary macroadenoma after administration of LHRH analogues. Alternative methods of androgen deprivation must be considered in such patients.

Long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, such as goserelin, have been used for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer for many years and are the main forms of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Acting on pituitary LHRH receptors, they initially stimulate a transient rise in serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH. Long-term administration of an LHRH analogue will eventually lead to down regulation of LHRH receptors, thus suppressing FSH and LH secretion. This in turn suppresses testosterone production hence achieving and maintaining androgen deprivation. This case highlights the potential anomaly of a sustained elevated serum testosterone in the context of newly diagnosed locally advanced prostate cancer with a co-existing pituitary macroadenoma after administration of LHRH analogues. Alternative methods of androgen deprivation must be considered in such patients.