Control of the radiation safety of workers is the one of the principal tasks of regulatory bodies responsible for the radiation safety and protection. This task is solved through the implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures, including:1) Organization and the execution of radiation monitoring; 2) Prediction of exposure doses to workers; 3) Selection of workers for the execution of radiation hazardous operations including emergency remedial works; 4) Planning of activities to implement the principle of the optimization of radiation protection; 6) Development and establishment of reference levels of exposure to radiation factors; 5) Organization of education and training of the personnel; 7) Continuous improvement of the occupational safety culture etc. The paper describes main actions of the management of radiation facilities aimed at the implementation of the above mentioned measures. Special attention is paid to the selection of the personnel of the required qualifications, possessing a sufficient reserve of an individual dose, to carry out radiation hazardous operations, to predict radiation doses to justify the development of the necessary protective measures and to plan actions to implement the principle of optimization of the radiation protection. The active use of the computer information and analytical system for the management of the protection from the occupational radiation is recommended. This system should include: 1. Database of individual occupational doses; 2. Database of radiation parameters characterizing the situation in workshops and at the industrial site of the radiation facility; 3. Software package for education and training of the personnel. The making of managerial decisions for the radiation protection of the personnel is aimed at increasing in the occupational reliability and, ultimately, improving the safety of radiation facilities, maintaining health and increasing the professional longevity of workers.
Purpose: The aim of work is to substantiate methodological approaches in establishing the parameters of the radiation situation at the workplaces of staff and radiation doses. Results: Methodological approaches to establishing the following types of control levels (CL) are presented: - the maximum possible CL, established from the conditions of guaranteed not exceeding the permissible values of the parameters of the radiation situation and the limits of radiation doses; - CL, established from the condition of fixing the achieved values of the parameters of the radiation situation at a level below acceptable values; - CL, exceeding the permissible values of the parameters of the radiation environment, established in those cases when the time of radiation exposure is short, and the decrease in existing levels is associated with significant labor and dose costs. Regulatory documents of the sanitary-epidemiological standardization system require the establishment of CL for radiation facilities for all monitored parameters with the aim of operational monitoring of the radiation situation, preventing exceeding the basic dose limits for personnel and the public, fixing the achieved level of radiation safety and ensuring further reduction of exposure levels for personnel and the public. In this case, the interpretation of the results of radiation monitoring should be carried out taking into account the uncertainty of the measurement result of the parameters of the radiation situation and radiation doses.
Purpose: Development of methodology and criteria for establishing causal relationships between the health status of workers in radiation-hazardous industries with factors of the working environment. Results: A methodology and criteria have been developed for assessing the cause-and-effect relationships of the health of workers in radiation-hazardous industries with the factors of the working environment. The assessment is carried out in three stages. At the 1st stage, according to the data of periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, the level of the employee’s health loss is assessed, at the 2nd stage (using the risk matrix) – the level of occupational risk. At the 3rd stage, according to the relative risk of a specific disease (or its etiological share) and the level of occupational risk, a decision is made on the causation of the disease by unfavorable factors of the working environment.
The aim of the study is to assess the main radiation-hazardous factors that determine the effective dose of personnel during underground uranium mining at the Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Association, and to summarize the data of the radiation control of the enterprise for 2016-2020. The main factors that create personnel dose loads are: the volume activity of short-lived daughter products of radon decay in the air, the dose rate of external gamma radiation, and the volume activity of long-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides of the uranium-radium series in industrial dust. Information on the structure and values of individual effective doses of workers is presented. Recommendations for improving the radiation monitoring system are given.
Results: Information is provided on the developed regulatory and methodological documents including health physics and organizational requirements for the radiation safety and protection supervision in the course of work on decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear submarines, nuclear service ships and surface vessels with nuclear installations, as well as during storage of reactor compartments of decommissioned nuclear submarines and block packs of nuclear service ships. Conclusion: The developed documents are aimed at further improving the regulatory legal and methodological support of citizens’ rights to safe working conditions, health protection and social protection.
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