Background: In this study we investigate the incidence of corneal complications of extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS). We study the various etiological factors leading to these complications and also to highlight various prophylactic intra and post-operative measures to reduce these complications.Methods: Cataract surgery was conducted on 100 patients at Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A of 50 patients were subjected to ECCE with posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL) and group B of 50 patients to small incision cataract surgery with PCIOL.Results: On the first post-operative day, 5 post-operative cases developed corneal edema (10%) in ECCE and 4 cases (8%) in SICS. Striate keratitis developed in 4 cases of ECCE (8%) and 3 SICS (6%). Nearly 62% patients who underwent ECCE accepted cylinder between 0.25-0.75 D while there were 52% cases in SICS.Conclusions: In this study we conclude that with various advances in cataract surgery the incidence of corneal complication have reduced and have helped in early visual rehabilitation and minimization of post-operative astigmatism by careful selection of incision type and location for MSICS.
Corneal ulcers are the common cause of corneal blindness. Of the corneal ulcers, majority of the cases are because of the fungal etiology. The present study is aimed to identify the pathogenic organisms responsible for corneal infections. Majority of the cases are secondary to trauma. Of the fungal cases, Aspergillus is found to be the predominant fungus affecting corneal ulcers, followed by bacteria affecting the corneal ulcers. KEYWORDS: Corneal ulcers, fungal etiology, aspergillus, corneal blindness, trauma. AIM:To study the microbial aspect of corneal ulcers. MATERIALS & METHODS: RESULTS:Out of 50 patients, 30 (60%) were males and 20 (40%) were females. Maximum number of cases 28(56%) were seen in the age of group of 30 -50 yrs. Majority of the patients were from rural areas 45(90%) and most of them were farmers 30(60%). Most of the cases were reported during harvest season i. e around November to January. Most cases have a history of trauma 38 cases (76%), exposure Keratitis 7(14%) and Corneal xerosis 5(10%). On Grams staining, 3 cases (6%) showed positivity for the presence of gram positive bacteria & 2 cases (4%) for gram negative bacteria. Of the KOH mounts, 25 cases (50%) were positive for fungal elements.Out of 50(100%) cases, 30(60%) were positive for culture. Out of which 25(50%) cases were culture positive for fungal elements and 5(10%) cases were culture positive for bacteria. 20(40%) cases were culture negative and 2(4%) cases showed mixed growth of the fungal isolates, Aspergillus -20(40%) was the commonest isolate, followed by Fusarium -3(6%) and Pencillium 2(4%). Of the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 3 cases (6%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(4%). 2
Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous disorder among youth during puberty and also in young adults. Hormonal imbalance, bacterial activity and inflammation can cause acne formation. Due to some anti-inflammatory effects and temporary self treatment of acne using some antibiotics, there is overuse/ improper use of antimicrobial agents which leads to resistance in bacterial strains. Aim: To provide an overview of bacteria that may cause acne and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics and reduce the overuse of antibiotics which leads to antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on samples from from 100 patients with chief complaints of acne, attending Dermatology Department at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation (KIMS RF). This study was done between November 2019 to February 2021. Acne pustules were cultured on all the basic media like blood agar and Mac Conkey agar, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial identification was performed by gram staining and relevant biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was done based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. Data was calculated and analysed statistically by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Total 100 participants were taken for the study. Females (63%) were more commonly affected as compared to males (37%) and the most commonly affected age group was teenage i.e., 10 to 20 years in both male and females. Among 100 subjects, 77 cases showed bacterial growth by aerobic and anaerobic culture and 23 cases showed negative for bacterial culture. All isolates were susceptible to rifampin (100%) (p<0.001). Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was susceptible to doxycycline (88.8%) and minocycline (88.8%), while 22.3% was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline while 33.3% showed resistance to ofloxacin. Gram positive cocci like Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) was susceptible to the antibiotic minocycline and rifampin (100%); but resistant to quinolines like ofloxacin (52.5%) macrolides like erythromycin (62.5%), clindamycin (47.5%) and tetracycline (17.5%). The susceptibility of gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis to doxycycline was (87.5%), which was lower than that of P. acnes (88.8%). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was found to be sensitive to minocycline (90.9%), doxycycline (72.7%), clindamycin (63.6%), and tetracycline (63.6%); but it was resistant to macrolide like erythromycin (45.5%) and quinolines like ofloxacin (36.5%). Conclusion: This study suggested that bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity can be better suggested if the culture and sensitivity is available so that, sensitivity and resistant pattern is known. The use of clindamycin and macrolide (erythromycin) needs to be reduced as most gram positive cocci like S. epidermidis were resistant to both.
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