The principles for development of porous permeable materials based on the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis are discussed. A technology based on the use of industrial oxide wastes from the mechanical engineering industry is proposed. In this paper we propose self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) as a technique for preparation of porous permeable materials. The appealing features of this technique are moderate power consumption, waste-free technology, and dynamically varied combination of structural and other properties of the products.Issues concerning the optimum choice of the technological process for preparation of porous permeable SHS-based materials have been defined. An efficient organization of the technological complex for the manufacture of SHS products using oxide materials, in particular stainless steel oxide scale, has been considered. Based on structural analysis data, interactions in partial systems and a target three-component system oxide scale -chromium oxide -aluminum have been compared and discussed.
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF POROUS PERMEABLE METALLOCERAMIC COMPONENTSCurrently, the state of the art in industry and environmental engineering is characterized by the increased consumption of porous permeable metalloceramic materials (PMM) which constitute the basis for various applications. The multiplicity in design and service conditions of PMM requires a wide range of these materials targeted at optimum technological and economic solutions of specified concrete problems.Porous materials intended to be used for filtration technologies are normally prepared as spherical or nonspherical metal and alloy powders or metal fibers. Powders composed of spherically shaped particles are prepared by spraying a molten metal and are usually used in porous partitions with high permeability [1 -3].Filtering cells of porous metalloceramics exhibit a wide range of performance characteristics, so that choosing one or another type for treating a polluted medium or for specific service conditions or for filter recovery presents no problem. The main parameters that determine performance of the porous metalloceramic partitions can be easily controlled. These parameters are the total porosity (density), air (or liquid) permeability index, pore size, filtration fineness, and strength. It should be noted that filtration processes through filtering cells are not only of scientific interest but also have some technological implications [4].At present, the major trend in modern powder metallurgy is development of so-called "intelligent" processing of materials. Regarding the materials science this concept signifies that the creation of materials must be based on the principles of self-restoration, self-regulation, and self-diagnostics; this having been granted, the properties of materials under in-service conditions do not deteriorate; rather, they may even improve or, at the least, remain unaffected. As an example, one may refer to shape memory materials and functionally gradient and composite...
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