Objective To review the practice in two hospitals with further samples despite providing two consecutive clear ones. At Hospital B, 24 (24%) patients failed to diCering protocols in the timing of seminal analysis after vasectomy. provide samples; 10 (13%) patients had persistent spermatozoa at 6 months and live spermatozoa were Patients and methods The results from 245 vasectomies carried out at Hospital A, where semen was assessed detected in one patient's samples. All eventually produced clear samples, with none requiring exploration. 3 months after vasectomy, were reviewed and compared with those from 100 consecutive vasectomies After changing the protocol, 87 vasectomies were performed, with 18 (21%) patients failing to provide at Hospital B, where semen was assessed 6 months after vasectomy. The results of seminal analysis at samples; seven (10%) of the samples collected showed occasional nonmotile spermatozoa at 6 months in Hospital A were also audited after changing to the 6-month protocol. The patients' preferences for the either the first, second or both samples, with all samples clear by 8 months after vasectomy. timing of seminal analysis were also obtained. Results Of the 245 patients at Hospital A, 58 (24%)Conclusions The complete disappearance of spermatozoa after vasectomy takes longer than is generally believed failed to provide samples, leaving 187 (76%) for evaluation; 528 samples were examined (mean 2.8 and we therefore suggest that given adequate counselling, seminal analysis 6 months after vasectomy is per patient, range 1-13). The first sample was positive in 36 (19.3%) and the second positive in 10 (5.3%), cost-eCective and in the patient's interest.

1 in 2 women referred to physiotherapy for incontinence, achieved successful control of symptoms without the need for invasive investigations or surgery. However, poor incontinence scores before the start of physiotherapy is a poor prognostic indicator for success. 90 % women utilised the service.

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