Based on the analysis of publications in world publications, as well as a generalization of the experience of developing domestic geothermal fields, current trends in the development of geothermal resources are shown. The key trend is considered to be the transition from subsidized to commercial projects, which increases the relevance of research in areas that have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of resource development processes, primarily in the direction of geothermal technologies. In terms of subsidized projects that set research goals, the most relevant are works in the direction of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems). Moreover, there is a tendency towards the creation of international interdisciplinary collaborative research teams. It is noted that the current level of technology development allows producing geothermal energy for use in local heat supply systems practically anywhere in the world. However, given the concentration of power per unit area, the basis of modern geothermal energy is still the direction associated with the rise of deep fluids to the surface in areas characterized by the presence of ascending flows of hot juvenile fluids. It is indicated that Russia is lagging behind the world level of progress in the development of geothermal resources, including in terms of current research and development directions, and measures are proposed to overcome this lag.
The main problems of transporting the steam-water mixture revealed during steam-water fields development: pulsations of parameters at low flow rates and considerable hydraulic resistance at high flow rates. The domestic experience of the calculation of steam-water mixture pipelines, oriented to the dispersed-ring flow, is considered. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the steam-water fields development, new challenges have been identified that make it urgent to develop scientific principles for the transport of steam-water mixture at low rates, taking into account modern concepts of the stability of steamwater flows.
A new mathematical model of steam-water flow in a pipeline, which takes into account the gravitational effect and satisfies new challenges in the development of geothermal fields with two-phase transportation of the heat carrier is presented. Taking into account the gravitational effect in the upstream flows, a method based on the “drift model”, which determines the steam velocity averaged over the crosssection was used. A similar method is proposed for downstream flows, but it determines the water velocity averaged over the cross-section. In this case, analogs of empirical coefficients were used. These coefficients determined from the condition of equality of parameters calculated using different approaches in a horizontal flow. The model was verified, which showed positive results. The proposed model significantly expands the possibilities of hydraulic calculation of steam-water mixture pipelines in geothermal fields.
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