The review of foreign studies devoted to the utilization of polymeric composite materials (PCM) by the solvolysis method is presented. It has been established on the basis of this that two groups of technologies predominate: directed to fiber extraction by destruction of the organic matrix and based on partial destruction of individual bonds while preserving valuable matrix components. The results of experimental studies on the selection of reagents for the recovery of carbon fiber from phenol formaldehyde PCM are presented. The characteristics of the change in the properties of the secondary fiber on the basis of a visual assessment are given, showing the appearance of roughness and irregularities in the fiber swirl and a significant decrease in their thickness. The results of research on fine-dispersed reinforcement of concrete with secondary carbon fiber, which showed an increase in flexural strength by 3–8 %, are described. The problem of dispersion of secondary carbon fiber during its introduction into concrete is considered.
Methods for assessing the state of landfills for municipal solid waste (MSW) at various stages of the life cycle and their impact on the environment are considered. The results of a study assessing the degree of stability of waste of different periods of disposal according to physicochemical, biochemical, thermal parameters are presented. Based on the results of physicochemical and biochemical parameters, the stages of biodegradation and the degree of decomposition of the waste are determined relative to the disposal period of the waste. It was proposed to assess the stability of waste in an array of landfill by a number of thermal parameters of waste: the magnitude of thermal effects, the temperature of heat generation peaks, the rate of mass loss, the ratio of specific enthalpies of dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (ODS). A method for integrated assessment of the stability of MSW in an array of landfill was developed, including the establishment of waste stability classes, boundary values of stability indicators and periods of their achievement. The method is intended for geoecological assessment of the condition of disposal of MSW and justify the choice of technical measures to reduce emissions.
The paper discusses the questions of municipal solid waste landfills assessment and their impact on the environment during landfill lifespan. The results of waste stabilization processes with different disposal periods using laboratory modeling in bioreactors are presented. Based on physicochemical and biochemical indicators the degree of waste decomposition in relation to the waste disposal time has been determined. Based on the thermal analysis data it has been shown that the intensity of heat flows and mass losses decrease during waste decomposition and the increase of waste stability. It was found that the results of waste stabilization laboratory modeling for the young landfill and the old dump site are similar to the results of field study.
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