Lameness in sheep, especially in semi-extensive breeding of Dubska pramenka, which starts in the interdigital region, was the motive of our morphological and histological research, in order to and in some way, bring the structure of the interdigital sinus in correlation with the appearance of this pathological state that causes extensive economical losses in the domestic sheep breeding,. The anatomical location of the interdigital diverticulum, its histological structure, which point to abundance of sebaceous glands around the hair follicles surrounding the interdigital opening and interdigital glands in deeper layers, point to the suggestion that their secretion increases due to poor hygienic keeping conditions. Pathogens -anaerobic microorganisms, which are most commonly causing the contagious lameness find the ideal conditions for their growth and reproduction because the secretion of these glands is likely "to close" the only "air" communication -interdigital opening.

Because of skeletal muscle is the main contributor to body weight in most fish, it is probable that the species of the fish is limited by the growth of this tissue. Several aspects of both somatic size and skeletal muscle growth was investigated in this research work included a total of 20 brown trout (Salmo truta m. fario Lineus), 20 brook trout (Salvelinus alpinus) and 20 rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykkis Walbaum), the average weight of 200 grams. Gathered data showed that rainbow trout has a faster increasing white muscles then other two fish species at same body weight. Main peak of diameter white muscles was 31-40 ?m (30.55%) and 41-50 ?m (22.15%) for rainbow trout. In mean time in the other two fish groups (brown trout and brook trout) was 21-30 ?m (40.1% or 39.27%) and 31-40 ?m (39.27% or 33.85%) of measured cross sectional areas. Distribution measured cross sectional areas of red muscles laniary goes down from the <20 ?m to >71 ?m.

Absract Catecholamines have been identified after numerous studies at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. Their hormonal role is evident through their receptors and is very important on all of the organs and body systems. Except for the hormonal one, catecholamines also have the role of neurotransmitters. The role of catecholamines is evident in humans and domesticated animals in their digestive system. They strongly support, through their receptors, motility and secretion in stomach and small and large intestine, in a way that they relax i.e. reduce tone of smooth musculature of stomach and bowels. In that way they actively participate in normal maintenance of their homeostasis. There are evident differences in representation and distribution of adrenergic (α and β) receptors in smooth musculature of stomach as well as the small and large intestines of domestic mammals and poultry. Noradrenaline with its activity through α -adrenoceptors significantly affects the increase of secretion in gastrointestinal tract. Through β-adrenoceptors, adrenaline affects the decrease of peristaltic movements in both small and large intestine, and, at the same time, decreases tone, i.e. motility in stomach of monogastric, as well as the rumen of polygastric, animals.Keywords: Adrenaline, digestive tract, motility, noradrenaline, receptors. Katekolaminlerin Evcil Hayvanlarda Sindirim Sistemindeki Homeostazisin Korunmasındaki RolüÖz: Katekolaminler, ondokuzuncu yüzyıldan yirminci yüzyıla geçişte yapılan çeşitli çalışmalardan sonra tespit edilmiştir. Hormonal rolleri reseptörleri aracılığıyla belirgindir ve bu rol tüm organlar ve vücut sistemleri için çok önemlidir. Ayrıca, katekolaminler nörotransmitter rolüne de sahiptir. Katekolaminlerin rolü, insan ve evcil hayvanların sindirim sisteminde görülmektedir. Reseptörleri aracılığıyla mide, ince ve kalın bağırsaktaki hareketlilik ve salgılamayı mide ve bağırsakların yumuşak kas gücünü azaltıp gevşetici yönde güçlü şekilde desteklerler. Bu yolla, normal homeostazisin sürdürülmesine aktif olarak katkı sağlarlar. Mide düz kaslarının yanı sıra, evcil memeli ve kanatlıların ince ve kalın bağırsağındaki adrenerjik (α ve ß) reseptörlerinin temsil ve dağılımında belirgin farklılıklar vardır. Noradrenalin'in aktivitesi α-adrenoseptörleri aracılığıyla mide-bağırsak kanalı salgısındaki artışı önemli ölçüde etkiler. Adrenalin, β-adrenoseptörleri aracılığıyla, hem ince hem de kalın bağırsakta peristaltik hareketlerindeki azalmayı etkilediği gibi, aynı zamanda, tek mideli hayvanların midesindeki ve çok midelilerin rumenindeki gücü (hareketliliği) azaltır.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has always had a developed sheep production, at least from the aspect of the number of sheep per capita. Today, the ratio is 1 sheep per 4 persons, because the cattle production, globally looking, is decimated by war. Thanks to the geographic location of the country, the quality of mountain pastures and environment that is still healthy, we believe that with increased investments in sheep production we could increase the number of heads, which would have positive effects on production of meat and milk of exceptional quality. The study involving the uterus of Dubska pramenka during sexual season under nomadic conditions of holding, demonstrated that, in adequate zoo hygiene conditions (holding, feeding, treatment of animal), the sheep showed increased reproductive parameters as well as parameters manifested in meat and milk production. In our studies, microstructure of uterus of Dubska pramenka during sexual season shows extremely positive characteristics for nidation of the egg cell and normal development of the embryo. Epithelium of the uterus is in a form of high-prismatic cells, which points to significant cell activity; perfusion and development of myometrium are visible. The uterine glands are extremely well developed and their histological structure indicates increased secretion and preparation of the uterus for gravidity.

SummaryUltrastructure of plasma cells in Harderian gland was investigated using the transmission electron microscopy. For this research, we examined the glands of 32 laying hens collected at 1, 7, 20 and 40 days and 4, 6, 8 and 12 months of the birds' ages. The research showed that the stroma of the gland contains a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Most of the plasma cells are mature, but morphologically do not show productive activity. Only some individual plasma cells, situated under the secretory epithelium of primary and secondary ducts, have extremely dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum which contain moderately dense, granular material. The morphology of these cells indicates that they are in active stage of immunoglobulin production. Also, we identified plasma cells with two types of Russell bodies. One type of these bodies was small, round or oval, while the other had irregular, angular shape.It was noted that one plasma cell never contains both type of Russell bodies at the same time. These cells were often affected by apoptosis. Among them, in deeper part of the stroma, were situated the small plasmablast cells.