The present article significantly investigated projectile's lightest fragments (proton) multiplicity distribution and probability distribution with 84 Kr36 emulsion collision at around 1 A GeV. The multiplicity and normalized multiplicity of projectile's lightest fragments (proton) is correlated with the compound particles, shower particles, black particles, grey particles, helium fragments particles and heavily ionizing charged particles. It is found that projectile's lightest fragments (proton) are strongly correlated with compound particles and shower particles rather than other particles and the average multiplicity of projectile's lightest fragments (proton) increases with increasing compound, shower and heavy ionizing particles. Normalized projectile's lightest fragments (proton) are strongly correlated with compound particles, shower particles and heavy ionizing charge particles. The multiplicity distribution of the projectile's lightest fragments (proton) emitted in the 84 Kr36 + emulsion interaction at around 1 A GeV with different target has well explained by KNO scaling.The mean multiplicity of projectile's lightest fragments (proton) depends on the mass number of the projectile and does not significantly dependent of the projectile energy. The mean multiplicity projectile's lightest fragment (proton) increases with increasing the target mass number.

The India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a mega science project of India, which is going to use near about 30, 000 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) as active detector elements for the study of atmoshpheric neutrino oscillations. Each RPC detector will consist of two orthogonally placed readout strips panel for picking the signals generated in the gas chamber. The area of RPC detector in INO-ICAL (Iron Calorimeter) experiment will be 2m × 2m, therefore the dimension of readout strips panel will also be of 2m × 2m. To get undistorted signals pass through the readout strips panel to frontend electronics, their Characteristic Impedance should be matched with each other. For the matching of Characteristic Impedance we have used the principle of termination. In the present paper we will describe the need and search of new dielectric material for the fabrication of flame resistant, waterproof and flexible readout pickup strips panel. We will also describe the measurement of Characteristic Impedance of plastic honeycomb based readout strips panel and Silicon Fiber sheet based readout strips panel in a comparative way, and its variation under loading and with time.

The total nuclear reaction cross section is calculated considering the cases with and without medium effect by employing Coulomb modified Glauber model (CMGM) , and 238 U 92 with nuclear emulsion detector (NED) nuclei at around 1 GeV per nucleon incident kinetic energy. These calculated nuclear reaction cross sections are correlated with the different target groups of the NED nuclei. The average value of various parameters is also calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental results. The number of shower particles emitted in an interaction is also calculated and showed good agreement with the experimental result. We observed that the total nuclear reaction cross section increases with increasing the target mass number in case of all the considered projectiles. In addition, it is shown that the average value of reaction cross section with nuclear medium effect is in good agreement with the experimental results for projectiles 56 Fe, 84 Kr, and 132 Xe, although results of projectiles 197 Au and 238 U are not in agreement with the experimental observations. This study sheds some light on the energy dependence of the nuclear reaction cross section.

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