Н. Н. МАЛКОВА, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, М. Е. ОСТЯКОВА, доктор биологических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник, Н. С. ГОЛАЙДО, младший научный сотрудник, В. К. ИРХИНА, младший научный сотрудник, С. А. ЩЕРБИНИНА, младший научный сотрудник, Дальневосточный зональный научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт (675005, г. Благовещенск, ул. Северная, д. 112), Ю. А. ГАВРИЛОВ, доктор биологических наук, профессор, Г. А. ГАВРИЛОВА, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет (675005, г. Благовещенск, ул. Политехническая, д. 86) Ключевые слова: телята, диарея, терапия, схема, кровь, биохимические исследования, гематологические исследования, гепатопротектор, витамины. Алиментарно-функциональные диареи телят являются наиболее распространенными среди всех заболеваний молодняка крупного рогатого скота, при этом они могут осложняться условно-патогенными и патогенными микроорганизмами. Поэтому лабораторные исследования патологического материала -это неотъемлемая часть постановки точного диагноза, на что требуется несколько дней. В связи этим у ветеринарных специалистов существует необходимость в разработке схем терапевтических мероприятий, направленных на предупреждение развития условнопатогенной и патогенной микрофлоры и интоксикации организма, восстановления функции желудочно-кишечного тракта и работы печени с дальнейшей корректировкой на основании полученных результатов лабораторных исследований. С этой целью были отобраны телята с выраженными клиническими признаками алиментарно-функциональной диареи и сформированы контрольная и опытная группы. Животным двух групп применяли схему лечения принятую в хозяйстве. В опытной группе дополнительно, на фоне комплексного применения витаминов (Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Retinoli acetatis, alfa-Tocopherol acetate, Colecalciferolum), использовали препараты, оказывающие гепатопротекторное и спазмолитическое действия. После проведенных мероприятий у всех исследуемых животных клинические признаки заболевания отсутствовали, а в опытной группе была установлена положительная динамика показателей крови. Так, отмечали восстановление таких показателей, как холестерин, глюкоза, альбумины, билирубин, свидетельствующие о восстановлении процессов пищеварения, об активизации обменных процессов, нормализации работы печени. При этом ядерный индекс не превышал 0,1. Таким образом, применение гепатопротекторного средства, миотропного спазмолитика и комплекса витаминов в качестве дополнительной терапии при алиментарно-функциональной деареи телят способствовало детоксикации, восстановлению функции пищеварения, улучшению процессов регенерации и нормализации функции печени.
Hematological studies were conducted in calves in dynamics during the prophylaxis of hypo-elementosis in the Amur region. The object of the study was calves (breed-Holstein, age-up to two months). The selected animals were divided into two equivalent groups: control and experimental. In the control group, planned measures were taken to prevent hypo - elementosis; in the experimental group, complex injectable drugs were used: Se-containing and tissue. Laboratory tests of calves ‘ blood were performed at the beginning and end of the experiment with determining the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin level, calculating the color index, differential counting of white blood cells and calculating the color index. It was established that the quality of blood oxygenation in calves of the experimental group improved. This is confirmed by the regeration to the standard values of hemoglobin level and color index as a result of their growth by 28 and 17%, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the percentage of conditionally healthy calves was 80 % in the experimental group and 40 % in the control group. Thus, it should be noted that the proposed scheme of complex application of Se-containing and tissue preparations contributed to the normalization of erythropoiesis processes and increased the resistance of calves to diseases by 40 %.
Relevance. This work is devoted to the study of prognostic parameters for the development of labor pathology (retention of the placenta), a complication of which is often postpartum endometritis, as well as mastitis in Holstein cows, which will allow us to accurately and timely develop a preventive algorithm of actions.Methods. To solve research problems, animals with different pregnancy periods of the Holstein breed were selected and divided into two groups in the amount of 42 heads: group 1 — cows with a pregnancy period of 5–6 months; group 2 — cows with a pregnancy of 7–8 months. To identify predictors of diseases in the fresh period, the metabolic status of pregnant cows was studied on the basis of clinical and biochemical blood parameters using laboratory methods; the presence or absence of pathologies in these animals was taken into account in the first 10–14 days after calving.Results. Having studied the level of metabolic processes in selected pregnant cows (second and third trimesters), we were able to found that the concentrations of calcium (2.05±0.034 mmol/l), albumin fraction (12.7±2.31%), glucose (2.20±0.299 mmol/l), bilirubin (10.7± 2.94 mmol/l) in animals with a pregnancy of 5–6 months and the values of the protein index (0.17±0.014), phosphorus (2.75±0.215 mmol/l) at 7–8 months of pregnancy are factors predicting the pathology the labor and the postpartum period, namely retention of the placenta, diseases of the mammary gland and endometrium of an inflammatory nature. The most significant was the fact that a decrease in serum calcium and albumin by 18% and 53% in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy increases the likelihood of diseases in newly calved cows by 27–33%.
During pregnancy, the body of cows is very sensitive to unfavorable environmental factors, for example, errors in feeding and maintenance, which negatively affects their health, manifested by metabolic disorders, the development of pathology of the birth and postpartum periods. For the research, Holstein cows were selected two months before calving and were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Blood samples were taken from all cows, followed by a study of the biochemical composition on the first and 14 days of the experimental period, and the presence or absence of pathology of the birth process and the postpartum period was also taken into account. The results of the research have shown that impaired mineral and protein metabolism in cows in the last trimester of pregnancy is an unfavorable factor contributing to the development of retained placenta, endometritis and mastitis. The applied scheme of prophylaxis in experimental animals promoted activation of the liver and protein metabolism, as well as a decrease in the incidence of endometritis and mastitis in the postpartum period.
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