[1] Short-term ( f ' 10 À3 -1 Hz) electric field pulsations in the surface atmospheric layer have been measured during 1999 -2001 under the fair-weather and fog conditions. At the frequencies of 10 À2 -1 Hz these pulsations have a power-law spectrum with the spectral index varying in the range from À1.23 to À3.36 while the most probable values of the index fall into the range from À2.25 to À3.0, unlike the temperature fluctuation spectra which obey in the inertial subrange the Kolmogorov power law with the spectral index close to À5/3. Under the fog conditions the intensity of electric-field pulsations increases by about an order of magnitude compared to the fair-weather conditions. The relation of spectral characteristics to the formation of aeroelectric structures (AESs) is evident; the spectral index distribution during AES flyby has two maxima. Analysis of the mechanisms explains the relationship between electricfield spectra and the neutral-gas turbulence and AES formation.
We propose the test-structure method for modeling of electric-field pulsations in the atmosphere. Numerical calculations necessary for interpretation of the behavior of experimental spectra and structure functions of the electric field are performed. Analysis of experimental data shows that the aeroelectric-field strength, being a nonlocal quantity, is formed by an inhomogeneous distribution of space charges surrounding the observation point. Quantitative assessments of the state of the atmospheric boundary layer, electro-gas-dynamic turbulence and convection parameters are discussed on the basis of spectral and structure functions of the electric field.
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