This article is concerned with the development of eco-driving metrics for instrumented vehicles in a longitudinal study environment. Motivations for developing such metrics include an ability to distill driving style effects on fuel use from other confounding factors, to contrast and benchmark driving styles for a cohort of drivers and to ascertain the effects of information and/or incentives on fuel use both in the short and long term. High resolution (1 Hz) trip data were collected for a local sample of 35 drivers over a period of 2 years, yielding over 20 million second by second observations. To account for the difference in vehicle type choice, a standard vehicle was used to model fuel consumption based on instantaneous vehicle activity. Difference in route choice was accounted for using speed-bin dependent metrics. Two metrics were developed: a trip-based measure called the fuel efficiency score (FES), and a difference in fuel use metric that uses the second by second observations called the fuel use difference (FUD). FES varies from 20 to 100 while FUD covers positive and negative percentage differences from a speed-bin dependent mean value. Both measures passed the test of consistency so that, at the driver level, both revealed no temporal trend in the scores from month to month across a period of 2 years. Moreover, the FES metric passed the heterogeneity test. It was able to identify four distinct clusters of driving styles.
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