Purpose -Engine oil degrades in quality during its use and after certain period of time the oil needs to be changed depending upon its condition. The purpose of this paper is to design and develop an online condition monitoring device for engine oil. Design/methodology/approach -Based on the previous works in this line and some testing of used oils in the laboratory, the correlation of change in colour with other properties were identified. An optical colour sensor was then designed and developed which can transform the darkness of oil colour into electrical resistance. A series of tests were undertaken to calibrate the system for its correctness. Findings -This type of sensor provides the information about the condition of the oil and also can inform about the probable time for drain-off of the oil. Practical implications -Engine oil changes are normally done by schedules which are highly conservative and cost the user as the oil is changed when it could be still used for some time. Use of an online sensor will minimize the cost on lubricants to some extent. Originality/value -The device is of great value to the users of IC engines as it not only reduces the cost on lubricants but also informs the user about the present condition of the oil.
Several thin sandwich panels (thickness close to 3 mm) of different configurations were studied to explore an alternative material for the outer body of various machines and appliances such as automobile, refrigerator, washing machine, lathe machine, drill press, cupboards, light furniture, etc. Three types of sandwich panels with the outer face sheets made of glass fabric/epoxy were fabricated for the present study: (1) XM-Core panel was made of polyester foam Coremat XM/epoxy as core material, (2) Xi-Core panel was made of polyester foam Coremat Xi/epoxy as core material, and (3) J-Core Panel was made of layers of Jute fabric/epoxy as core material. A very thin transition layer of glass chopped strand mat/epoxy was provided between the face sheets and the core to improve their bonding strength. The sandwich panels were analyzed for low velocity normal impact loading under a drop weight impact test set up and transverse static loading under universal testing machine. Damage area, indentation depth and permanent depression over damage area, and failure modes were observed under incident impact loading. The transverse static test was performed to observe load versus deflection relation and to characterize the flexural strength and stiffness.
Glass fabric reinforced thin sandwich panel and carbon fabric reinforced thin sandwich panel of thickness close to 2.5 mm were studied to explore an alternative skin material for the outer body of various machines and appliances. The polyester foam Coremat XM of 2 mm thickness was used as core material in the thin sandwich panels. The panels were fabricated by vacuum bagging process and characterized through two plate tests: (i) low-velocity normal impact loading under a drop weight impact test set up and (ii) transverse static loading of a plate. The damage area, indentation depth and permanent depression over damage area, energy absorption capability, load-deflection relation and failure modes were observed under the test. The impact drop test was simulated by LS-DYNA. The properties of glass fabric reinforced thin sandwich panel and carbon fabric reinforced thin sandwich panel were compared with those of 0.8-mm-thick MS sheet, a widely used skin material for the outer body of various machines and appliances.
PurposeTo study and estimate changes of various properties upon use of engine oil by different methods.Design/methodology/approach – By viscosity measurement, pH measurement, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopic analysis and UV‐Visible (Ultraviolet and visible rays) spectroscopic analysis.Findings – Some specific changes in additives of the oil upon use could be traced.Practical implications – Correct choice for additives for a particular use may enhance the oil life and also protect the engine from damage.Originality/value – The findings may be important to the lube oil producers and the users.
PurposeTo provide a general equation for finding out viscosity of lubricating oils at different temperatures and ages.Design/methodology/approachBased on previous works and a case study on field, a general equation was formulated which relates viscosity‐temperature‐age of lubricant.FindingsThe equation is very simple and a good consistency was found.Practical implicationsThis equation will help the designers/manufacturers to recommend the correct grade of lubricating oil.Originality/valueThis type of relationship was never reported earlier.
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