Ecological disturbances exert an in¯uence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, ®lariasis, onchocerciasis, and loiasis. Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, changes the ecological balance and context within which disease hosts or vectors and parasites breed, develop, and transmit disease. Each species occupies a particular ecological niche and vector species sub-populations are distinct behaviourally and genetically as they adapt to man-made environments. Most zoonotic parasites display three distinct life cycles: sylvatic, zoonotic, and anthroponotic. In adapting to changed environmental conditions, including reduced nonhuman population and increased human population, some vectors display conversion from a primarily zoophyllic to primarily anthrophyllic orientation. Deforestation and ensuing changes in landuse, human settlement, commercial development, road construction, water control systems (dams, canals, irrigation systems, reservoirs), and climate, singly, and in combination have been accompanied by global increases in morbidity and mortality from emergent parasitic disease. The replacement of forests with crop farming, ranching, and raising small animals can create supportive habitats for parasites and their host vectors. When the landuse of deforested areas changes, the pattern of human settlement is altered and habitat fragmentation may provide opportunities for exchange and transmission of parasites to the heretofore uninfected humans. Construction of water control projects can lead to shifts in such vector populations as snails and mosquitoes and their parasites. Construction of roads in previously inaccessible forested areas can lead to erosion, and stagnant ponds by blocking the¯ow of streams when the water rises during the rainy season. The combined effects of environmentally detrimental changes in local landuse and alterations in global climate disrupt the natural ecosystem and can increase the risk of transmission of parasitic diseases to the human population. q

Black Start and other grid services that the system operator may develop to support transmission while maintaining reliable operation of the electric power grid. 1 Balancing Authority The entity responsible for integrating resource plans ahead of time, maintaining load-interchange-generation balance within a Balancing Authority Area, and supporting interconnection frequency in real time. 2Bulk Electric System NERC defines Bulk Electric System as transmission elements operated at 100 kilovolts (kV) or higher or real power and reactive power resources connected at 100 kV or higher. 3Cogenerator A generating unit that produces electric energy and forms of useful thermal energy used by an industrial or commercial host for industrial or commercial heating or cooling purposes. 2 Exempt wholesale generator (EWG) an independent power producer selling exclusively to wholesale customers. An EWG is exempt from certain requirements under the Public Utilities Holding Company Act of 1935. EWGs obtain their status upon determination and approval by FERC. 2 Independent power producer (IPP) A corporation, person, agency, authority, other legal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation of electricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility. 2 Low voltage ride-through (LVRT)The capability of electric generators to continue to operate and stay connected to the network in periods of short-term low grid voltage. Point of Interconnection (POC)The physical location where the power generation facility connects to the grid system.Power purchase agreement (PPA) A financial mechanism through which a bulk electricity customer enters into a long-term electricity supply contract with an IPP. The contract defines all the terms and conditions of the transaction of electricity sales between the supplier and buyer, including dates of commencement and termination, terms of payment, schedule for delivery, penalties, and exclusions. Primary frequency response (PFR)A resource standing by to provide autonomous, preprogrammed changes in output to rapidly arrest large changes in frequency until dispatched resources can take over (FERC 2015c). 1 Adapted from California ISO (2015). 2 Adapted from FERC (2013c). 3 See NERC (2014) for the full NERC definition of Bulk Electric System. vi This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Public utility commission (PUC)A regulatory body that oversees regulation of rates and services of a public utility. It can also be referred to as a utilities commission, utility regulatory commission, or public service commission.Qualifying facility (QF) A cogeneration or small power production facility that meets certain ownership, operating, and efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission pursuant to the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act. 4

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199 004, U.S.S.R.Complete optimization of single molecules of unsubstituted cyclic oxides (CO) differing in ring size and their complexes with electron acceptors (EA) by the CNDO/2 method allowed to establish some features of the electronic structure of these molecules non-monotonically depending on ring size with the extream for four-membered oxide. Calculated energies of complexation are in good agreement with experimental data on the reactivity of CO in cationic copolymerization. This confirms the dependence of the reactivity on basicity. Anderung der Elektronenstrzdrtur yclischer Oxide bei der Wechselwirkung rnit Elektronenacceptoren. Quantenchemische UntersuchungenDie vollstandige Optimierung von Einzelmolekulen unsubstituierter cyclischer Oxide rnit unterschiedlicher RinggroSe sowie ihrer Komplexe mit Elektronenacceptoren mit Hilfe der CND0/2-Methode zeigte, da5 einige Charakteristika der Elektronenstruktur dieser Molekule nicht monoton von der RinggroDe abhangen, sondern bei den viergliedrigen Oxiden Extremwerte aufweisen. Die berechneten Komplexbildungsenergien stimmen rnit experimentellen Werten der Reaktivitat der Oxide bei der kationischen Copolymerisation gut iiberein. Dies bestatigt die Abhangigkeit der Reaktivitat von der Basizitat. Hawnenue anemmponnoii cmpyxmypw yumuuecmux omuceii npu ux eaauntoaeiicmeuu c anexmpono-amq.enmopcueu. Keanmoxwuwcxue uccfieaoeanuanOJIHaH OIITHME3aL(Z ¶H El3OJIHpOBaHHbl.X MOJIeKyJI He3aMeWHHbnr IVfKJIHW?CKHX OKHCeB, paBJIM%3IO~HXCH IIO BeJIH9HHe qUKJIa, a TaKXG? HX KOMIIJIeKCOB C aJIeKTpOHOaK~eIITOpaMH MeTOAOM nnan/2 IIpHBeJIa K YCTaHOBJIeHHIO HeKOTOPbIX XapaKTepHCTHK aJIeKTpOHHOt CTpyKTypbI qUKJlUWCKHX OKECe8, He MOHOTOHHO 3aBHCHIIlHX OT pa3Mepa qHKJIa C aKCTpeMyMaMH AJIH 4-9JIeHHOfi OKHCH. PaCC ¶HTaHHbIe aHeprHH KOMIIJIeKCOO6paaOBaHHH XOpOJllO COI'JIaCJWTCH C aKCIIepHMeHTaJIbHbIMH AaHHbIMH IIO peaK~HOH~O~IIOCO6HOCTU IJHKJIH' ieCKHX OKHCefi IIpH KaTHOHHOfi UOJIHMepH3aqHH, YTO IIOATBepXAaeT 3aBHCHMOCTb peaKqZiOHHOCIIOCO6HOCTU OKHCeg OT HX OCHOBHOCTH.

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Electronic characteristics of substituted three-, four-and five-membered cyclic oxides and their complexes with an electron acceptor CH; have been calculated by the CNDO/2 method. The reactivity ratio of these cyclic oxides in their cationic copolymerization is in agreement with the calculated complexation energy of cyclic oxides with the electron acceptor. Der EinfluP der Substituenten auf die elektronische Struktur cyclischer Oxide und die Veranderung dieser Struktur bei der Wechselwirkung der Oxide mit einem Elektronenacceptor. Quantenchemische UntersuchungenDie elektronischen Eigenschaften von substituierten drei-, vier-und funfgliedrigen cyclischen Oxiden sowie ihrer Komplexe mit dem Elektronenacceptor CH; wurden mit Hilfe der CNDO/a-Methode berechnet. Das Reaktivitatsverhaltnis der Oxide bei der kationischen Copolymerisation stimmt mit den berechnetcn Komplexbildungsenergien dieser Oxide mit Elektronenacceptoren gut uberein. Bnusnue aa&ecmumeneii na e~teicmpon~ylo cmpyicmypy yumuuecicux oicuceii u na ee u~&enenue npu saauwoc3eiicnzsuu oicuceii c ~e~mpoltoaicyenmopo&. h"sanmosbxu&uuecicoe uccAedosanueMeTOAOM IIqAII/2 PaCCYMTaHM 3JIeKTpOHHbIe XapaKTepHCTMKH 3aMeqeHHbIX TpeX-, YeTbIpeX-M IIRTKYJIeHHbIX qHKJIHYeCKHX OKMCefi, a TaKme KOMnJIeKCOB 3TMX OKHCefi C 3JIeKTpOHOaKqellTOpOM CHg. OTHOCHTeJIbHaR PeaKqHOH-HaR CllOCO6HOCTb l[HKJIMYeCKHX OKHCefi I I P M MX KaTHOHHOfi COIlOJIMMepM3aqHH KOppeJIMpyeT C paCseTHOfi 3HepFMefi KOMIlJIeKCOO6pa3OBaHHFI qMKJIHYeCKMX OKHCefl C 3JIeKTpOHOaKqellTOpOM.

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