The processes happening in the Russian society, such as globalization and urbanization, as well as its demographic situation have had a significant impact on ethnic groups and communities, including their ethnic identity. The purpose of this article is to identify the characteristics of ethnic identity and perceptions of ethnic minority groups, in particular, of Russian Germans living in the Russian Federation (Glazov, Vyatka-Kama region). To achieve the goal, the study used the field research methods to collect the linguistic material; sociolinguistic questioning and interviewing; socially differentiated analysis of the language material. The study analyzes the following ten parameters of ethnic identity in relation to the Russian Germans of Glazov: common historical fate, shared territory, religion, mode of life, family patterns, folklore, traditional crafts, behavior standards, psychological makeup, and ethnic language.The findings of the study suggest that ethnic identity of the Russian Germans is a changeable dynamic category. Certain distinctive characteristics of ethnic identity are developed under the influence of objective reasons (political system, ethnic policy of the state, territorial administration), as well as personal and subjective reasons (preserving the language, culture and traditions). This article will be of interest to researchers in the field of German dialectology and German speech islands. Keywords-German ethnic community, characteristics of ethnic identityI.
The paper presents an overview of the traditional markers of the German ethnic population in Crimea that came to the peninsula in the 1800s, was forced to emigrate in 1941 and has been partially coming back since 1991. The aim is to describe the potentially relevant markers distinguishing the German population from other ethnicities of the Crimea. Methods: A review of the literary sources available in the scientific library of I. Franko and the library of the Crimean Federal University is conducted. Results: the traditional ethnic and cultural markers of Crimean Germans include German language, the influence of Protestantism and Catholicism, an authentic lifestyle, progressive housekeeping, densely populated communities settling predominantly in the rural areas near the first colonies; successfully conducted trade, craft and socio-cultural activity in the urban areas. The alteration of the above mentioned markers was strongly influenced by the historical events.
The paper investigates aspects of German language usage in the ethnic community of Crimean Germans-members of Russian-speaking Evangelical-Lutheran church in Simferopol. The results of a field study conducted in August 2019 indicate that German language is used by members of the community mainly in the course of church ceremonies and home prayers.Methods. Overt observation, questionnaires and interviews with community members were conducted. We have also managed to obtain recordings of church services and collected individual speech samples of the prayer "Our Father" in German.The results. The predominance of women (82%) aged 50 to 87 and having mixed ethnic origin was revealed. Russian is the mother tongue of the vast majority. At the same time, 75% of the respondents understand German, 25% can speak German. All members of the community communicate only in Russian. 88% know the basic prayers and sing in German in the church.
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