Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem that accompanied the obesity epidemic and is considered as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Modification of lifestyle of MetS patients remains the focus to reverse and prevent progression of hepatic steatosis to NAFLD and its worsening to severe forms. The present study investigates the possible curability of metabolic syndrome -associated grade-1 NAFLD merely by alternate day fasting with or without reversion to regular diet in adult male rats. The present study was performed on 66 local strain male rats aged (6–10 m.) distributed randomly into C group (n = 12), on regular rat diet; and M group (n = 54) on high fructose- intake. On the 8th week, then rats were subjected to measurement of BW, BMI, WC, FBG, IPGTT, HDL-C, TGs, and liver histopathology, to include MetS rats randomly into four experimental groups for 4 weeks as follows: MS (n = 14); MSRD (n = 12); MSF (n = 13); and MSRDF (n = 12). On the 12th week, all rats were subjected to measurements of BW, BMI, WC, LW, LW/BW, VFW, VFW/BW, FBG, IPGTT, Ins., HOMA-IR, HbA1C, TGs, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, CRP, Alb., bilirubin, ALT, L-MDA, and liver histopathology. Results On the 8th week, M group developed MerS and grade-I NAFLD with score-4 hepatosteatosis (69%). On the 12th week, MS group had grade-1 NAFLD with score-4 hepatosteatosis (82%) with significantly increased Ins., HOMA-IR, HDL-C, LW, LW/BW, L-MDA, ALT, CRP, and significantly decreased Alb. than C rats. Both MSRD and MSF groups had grade-1 NAFLD with score-3 hepatosteatosis (42%) with significantly decreased Ins., HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, LW, LW/BW, L-MDA, ALT, CRP, and significantly increased HDL-C and Alb. than MS group. MSRDF rats showed cure of grade-1 NAFLD and significantly decreased LW than other groups and normalized HOMA-IR, HbA1C TC, LDL-C, ALT, and CRP. Conclusion One month of alternate-day fasting and regular rat diet could cure grade-I NAFLD associated with Mets due to high fructose intake possibly by attenuating metabolic disorders. These two interventions might be recommended in the management of MetS patients with grade 1-NAFLD disease.
Introduction Ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidney triggers multifaceted network of plasma cascades including the complement, coagulation, kinins, and fibrinolytic system, which play major role in the reperfusion-triggered inflammatory process. Aim of the work The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in blood coagulation parameters immediately after ischemia and after ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney in adult rats of both sexes. Materials and Methods The study was carried out on 56 adult albino rats of both sexes weighing 160-220 gm. Rats were randomly allocated into 5 experimental groups as follows: Control rat group (C; n = 10). Sham1- operated rat group (SH1; n = 10) subjected to all the procedures of the I rat group except for renal ischemia and were sacrificed after 45 minutes. Ischemic rat group (I; n = 10) subjected to renal ischemia for 45 min, then were sacrificed. Sham 2 operated rat group 2 (SH2; n = 10) subjected to all the procedures of IR – rat group except for renal ischemia and reperfusion and were sacrificed after 1½ hour. Ischemic/reperfusion rat group (IR; n = 10) subjected to renal ischemia for 45 min, then reperfusion for 45 minutes, then were immediately sacrificed. All rats were subjected to estimation of body weight (BW), absolute and relative kidney weights (AKW and RKW), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht.) values, clotting time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin time (TT) and serum levels of urea (Ur.) and creatinine (Cr.). Results I rat group showed insignificant changes in AKW and RKW, CT, APTT, PT and TT compared to SH1 and C rat groups. However they showed significant elevation in Hb content, Ht. value and serum levels of Ur. and Cr. compared to C rat group. IR rat group showed significant increase in AKW and RKW compared to SH2, I and C rat groups. Also they showed significant increase in Hb. content, Ht. value and serum levels of Ur. and Cr. compared to C rat group. However they showed no significant change in their CT, APTT, PT and TT compared to SH2, I and C rat groups Conclusion Coagulation parameters are not changed immediately after kidney ischemic/reperfusion and may not contribute to the immediate pathophysiological changes of ischemic reperfusion injury.
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) causes pathological remodeling of the heart and adjacent vessels. The functional changes in the big vessels in different age groups had not been fully delineated. Aim of the work The present study was planned to investigate aortic vasodilator and vasoconstrictor reactivity in young, adult and old female rats with MetS. Design: The experimental study was performed on 90 female albino rats randomized into 6 groups: young, adult and old rats with MetS and their respective control groups. Methods MetS was induced by feeding rats 41% fructose -containing diet and giving fructose solution (5 g fructose in 4 ml distilled water/day) by gavage in two sessions (2 ml/session). On the 8th week, all rats were sacrificed and were subjected to determination of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), absolute and relative visceral fat weight (VF), fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin (PI), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and plasma lipid profile. All rats’ aortae were subjected to study of vascular reactivity to Potassium chloride (KCL), phenylephrine (PE) and acetyl choline (A.Ch) as well as estimation of nitrite content. Results On the 8th week of the study, all MetS groups developed criteria of metabolic syndrome as evidenced by the significant increase in final BW, BMI, absolute and relative VF weights, FBG, PI and HOMA-IR compared to their control group values. Also, MetS rat groups exhibited evident dyslipidemia in the form of significant increase in plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol compared to their control group values. Aortae of young and adult MetS rat groups showed significant increase in their vasoconstrictor response to KCl and PE and decrease in A.Ch/KCL% and A.Ch/PE % compared to their controls, while old MetS rat group showed significantly increased vasoconstrictor response only to KCL compared to their controls. When compared to each other, young age MetS group had significantly higher vasoconstrictor response to PE compared to old MetS group despite comparable nitrite content. Conclusion Met.S causes functional vascular changes in all age groups with unexpectedly enhanced vasoconstrictor response in the young group compared to old.
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