Hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the role of alginate-derived oligosaccharides (ADO) in enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to cadmium stress. Data were collected on plant biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Under 100 lM Cd stress, plant growth was significantly inhibited. Shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight were sharply reduced by 24.21, 34.59, 22.1 and 14.7%, respectively of the control after 10 day of Cd exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were increased and MDA content increased. Wheat seeds were soaked for 5 h in 1,000 mg L -1 ADO solution before cadmium stress. ADO pretreatment alleviated cadmium toxicity symptoms, which were reflected by increasing root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (P n ). Furthermore, ADO pretreatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and POD) activities and reduced MDA content in leaves and roots. The results indicated that ADO pretreatment partially protected the seedlings from cadmium toxicity during the following growth period.
In order to study the reducing and reusing of petrochemical residual sludge and solve the technical problem of traditional anaerobic digestion, the contrast research was carried out between the mesophilic (30 ı C) and thermophilic (60 ı C) anaerobic digestion. The result showed that the efficiency of thermophilic digestion was twice as big as that of mesophilic digestion. When sludge dosage increased, the concentration of volatile fatty acid rose sharply and pH value decreased correspondingly. When the reaction became stable, the concentration of volatile fatty acid began to drop and the corresponding pH value began to rise gradually. At each sludge dosage, alkalinity dropped first and then increased with the reaction carried on. In a different sludge dosage, the fluctuation of pH, volatile fatty acid, and alkalinity under the thermophilic condition was less than that under the mesophilic condition by a different sludge dosage. Through the experiment of sludge digestions, the optimizing technical conditions are as follows: biochemical reaction of residual sludge input rate: 10%; retention time: 10 days at a high temperature of 60 ı C by full agitation.
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