This paper deals mainly with the development of utilization of endogenous fluids in the world and particularly in Italy, together with a forecast of the potential increase in geothermal production. At the end of 1972 the installed capacity of the world’s geothermoelectric plants was approxim ately 1000 M W , of which 390.6 M W are installed in Italy. In the same year the electric energy generated by Italian power stations was 2582.4 GW h. In some countries, geothermoelectric energy costs ranged from 1.4 to 2.5 U.S. mills/M J (5 to 9 mills/kW h) as com pared with 1.66-3.9 U.S. mills/M J (6-14 mills/ kW h) for alternative sources. T he total geothermal capacity in the world is expected to double and perhaps to triple in the 1980s, as new installations are being constructed or planned in several therm al areas. The utilization of geothermal fluids for evaporating low-boiling liquids (freon, isobutane, etc.) or for driving a gravim etric loop, offers attractive possibilities of using therm al waters also for the generation of electricity. In many countries, low enthalpy fluids are used directly for other purposes (domestic and greenhouse heating, refrigeration and air-conditioning, production of fresh water, drying seaweeds and diatomites, etc.). The cost of geothermal heat thus employed is 0.7-1.2 $/GJ as com pared with about 2.6 $/GJ if fossil fuels are used. Due to this attractive cost, in the next few years there should be a rem arkable development in this type of utilization of low enthalpy fluids.
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