In textile exhaust dyeing, the control of dyebath pH is a critical factor in order to achieve optimum colour yield and levelness. Conventional controllers have not proved entirely successful in controlling dyebath pH since it is difficult to develop an exact mathematical model for the dyeing process. One method is to apply fuzzy control to the dyeing process. For the fuzzy controller to operate successfully, it is important to understand how the dyeing system responds to given reference pH/time profiles. A dynamic model for the dyeing process has been developed and this allows the fuzzy controller to be fine-tuned by computer simulation. Results of the control system simulation showed very satisfactory tracking performances of the pH profiles. This provides a starting point for further fine-tuning of the system under practical dyeing conditions.
Freshwater is an increasingly scarce resource that is extensively used in textile wet‐processing. In seeking to identify alternative low freshwater‐usage coloration technology, this study examined the potential use of seawater (SEAW) as the dyeing medium for wool coloration using a range of reactive dyes. Initially, the dyeing behaviour of the wool fabric in simulated seawater (SSW) was compared with conventional dyeing from distilled water (DW) using α‐bromoacrylamide‐based Lanasol dyes and sulphatoethyl sulphone‐based Remazol dyes. These preliminary studies demonstrated that comparable coloration could be achieved in the SSW medium based on an assessment of the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness. Subsequent dyeing studies of wool using Mauritian seawater with both the Lanasol and Remazol reactive dyes confirmed that, based on the dye exhaustion, dye fixation, colour yield and levelness, comparable coloration could be achieved, highlighting the possibility of substituting freshwater with seawater as the dyeing medium.
The interaction and the durability to laundering of a cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative applied to Tencel were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The N1(s) XPS spectra of the cationic β-cyclodextrin treated substrates revealed the presence of the applied finish on the fibre surface and that the durability of the applied finish to hand-wash was good. However, the cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative showed poor durability to the ISO CO6/C2S wash protocol.
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