Family–work conflict (FWC) and work–family conflict (WFC) are more likely to exert negative influences in the family domain, resulting in lower life satisfaction and greater internal conflict within the family. Studies have identified several variables that influence the level of WFC and FWC. Variables such as the size of family, the age of children, the work hours and the level of social support impact the experience of WFC and FWC. However, these variables have been conceptualized as antecedents of WFC and FWC; it is also important to consider the consequences these variables have on psychological distress and wellbeing of the working women.Aim:to study various factors which could lead to WFC and FWC among married women employees.Materials and Methods:The sample consisted of a total of 90 married working women of age between 20 and 50 years. WFC and FWC Scale was administered to measure WFC and FWC of working women. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Carl Pearson's Correlation was used to find the relationship between the different variables.Findings and Conclusion:The findings of the study emphasized the need to formulate guidelines for the management of WFCs at organizational level as it is related to job satisfaction and performance of the employees.
The effect of pretreatment with heparin on lysis of arterial thrombi by tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was studied in 19 dogs. Copper coil-induced carotid artery thrombi were weighed, inserted into the femoral arteries, and exposed to a 15 min infusion of rt-PA at 10 ,ug/kg/min either with (n = 6 thrombi) or without pretreatment with a 200 unit/kg bolus of heparin (n = 6 thrombi). The infusion of rt-PA without pretreatment reduced the thrombus weight by 27.6 + 7.4%, while infusion of rt-PA with pretreatment reduced it by 79.1 + 12.3% (p < .0001). To test the hypothesis that heparin enhanced thrombolysis by preventing continued incorporation of new fibrin into the thrombus during thrombolysis we repeated the experiments using pretreatment with 8 U/kg of ancrod, which rapidly depletes fibrinogen. Pretreatment with ancrod (n = 6 thrombi) depleted fibrinogen and enhanced the lytic effect of rt-PA to a similar degree as pretreatment with heparin, resulting in a 67.6 + 12.3% (NS) decrease in thrombus weight. We conclude that heparin significantly enhances the thrombolytic effect of rt-PA, probably by preventing new fibrin formation and its incorporation into the thrombus during lysis. Circulation 74, No. 3, 583-587, 1986. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN that thrombi continue to grow by incorporation of new fibrin for up to 72 hr, and that this growth is particularly fast during the first few hours.2 Thrombus growth that continues during lysis3'4 increases the total amount of thrombus to be lyzed during thrombolytic treatment and thereby probably delays recanalization of the infarct-related artery and reduces the potential for myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heparin has been shown to prevent new fibrin formation and its incorporation into the thrombus.S Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether lysis of arterial thrombi after administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) could be enhanced by pretreatment with heparin. MethodsExperimental preparation. The study was performed in closed-chest mongrel dogs, 16 to 28 kg in body weight, anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital and additional small
Summary:A rare case of a patient with supernumerary right coronary artery in whom the two vessels arose from the right coronary sinus from two separate ostia adjacent to each other is presented. The smaller vessel gave off the sinoatrial nodal branch and the posterior descending artery whereas the larger one gave off the conus branch, the right ventricular branches, and continued as acute marginal branch. This is the first case report in the English literature. no cardiomegaly, and prominent aorta and upper lobe pulmonary veins. Two-dimensional echo, in addition to hypokinesia of lateral and anterior left ventricular free walls, showed small apical aneurysm.Left ventricular angiography showed normal ventricular size, hypokinesia of anterobasal and anterolateral segments, small apical aneurysm, and mild mitral regurgitation. Left coronary artery angiogram revealed a nondominant artery, 75 % cross-sectional area narrowing of left anterior descending artery before and after first diagonal branch, and normal left circumflex artery. Right coronary arteriogram showed two separate vessels arising from the right coronary sinus from separate ostia adjacent to each other. One of the vessels (smaller in caliber than the other) gave off sinoatrial (SA) nodal branch and continued as posterior descending artery (Fig. 1). The other vessel gave off the conus branch, right ventricular branches, and finally continued as acute marginal branch (Fig. 2). Neither right coronary vessel showed any obstructive lesion.The patient was treated with decongestive and vasodilator drugs and had remarkable symptomatic improvement. DiscussionSupernumerary coronary arteries have been observed since the days of the early anatomist. The number of coronary arteries varies from one to four. A third coronary artery, the conus artery, also called adipose artery, occurs in 33-50% of people, and supplies the conus arteriosus and superior portion of the stemocostal surface of the right Classically, the diameters of these vessels are small (0.5-2 mm) and they arise as separate vessels from the right coronary sinus, anterior to and within a few millimeters of the mouth of the right coronary artery.3 Three coronary arteries also exist in 1 % of normal hearts, when the circumflex and left anterior descending arteries arise ~eparately.~ Four coronary arteries are present when the two variations just described coexist or where there are two conus coronary arteries arising from the aorta.In the case under discussion the left coronary artery was a nondominant artery. On right coronary arteriography,
We present the clinical and angiographic profile of three patients with class I stable angina pectoris. All had strong coronary risk factors, and stress testing was positive in stage one of the Bruce protocol. Coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA), and aortocoronary bypass surgery was performed. Thus, total LMCA occlusion may be an unexpected angiographic finding in patients with class I angina.
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